Abstract
Since the 1950s, the terrestrial carbon uptake has been characterized by interannual variations, which are mainly determined by interannual variations in gross primary production (GPP). Using an ensemble of seven-member TRENDY (Trends in Net Land—Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges) simulations during 1951–2010, the relationships of the interannual variability of seasonal GPP in China with the sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulations were investigated. The GPP signals that mostly relate to the climate forcing in terms of Residual Principal Component analysis (hereafter, R-PC) were identified by separating out the significant impact from the linear trend and the GPP memory. Results showed that the seasonal GPP over China associated with the first R-PC1 (the second R-PC2) during spring to autumn show a monopole (dipole or tripole) spatial structure, with a clear seasonal evolution for their maximum centers from springtime to summertime. The dominant two GPP R-PC are significantly related to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean during spring to autumn, implying influences from the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The identified SST and circulation factors explain 13%, 23% and 19% of the total variance for seasonal GPP in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. A clearer understanding of the relationships of China’s GPP with ocean—atmosphere teleconnections over the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean should provide scientific support for achieving carbon neutrality targets.
摘要
自1950年来,在初级生产力(GPP)年际变率影响下,陆地碳汇呈现显著的年际变化。在区域尺度上,这种年际变率的主要来源——特别是海气遥相关过程,仍不甚清楚。基于TRENDY陆-气间碳交换趋势比较计划的7个模式,时间跨度为1951至2010年,本文研究了中国各季GPP的年际变化与海表温度和大气环流之间的关系。通过分离受长期趋势和GPP记忆影响的部分,本文首先将春夏秋各个季节的GPP残差部分识别为更受气候强迫影响的信号。结果表明,春季至秋季的第一(第二)GPP残差模态呈现单极型(偶极型或三极型)的空间分布,中心位置随季节推移而变化。春夏秋各季的前两个GPP残差模态与赤道东太平洋海温和北太平洋海温显著相关,表明了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和太平洋年代际涛动对中国GPP的重要影响。此外,大气环流与GPP的关系特征显示,北极涛动、西太平洋涛动、贝加尔湖阻塞以及西太平洋副热带高压分别对春夏秋三季、春季、夏季和秋季的中国大陆GPP有着重要影响。以上识别的海温及环流因子可分别解释春季13%,夏季23%和秋季19%的GPP季节平均的总方差。特别指出,以上因子在春夏秋季,主要与中国中部、西南部、东北部和南部的GPP变化有关,而这些区域主导了中国大陆GPP的年际变化。对中国GPP及其在太平洋和大西洋上海气遥相关背景的深入理解,将为有效实现中国碳循环的估算和预估,并为碳中和目标的实现提供科学依据
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42141017), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0608904) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41975112, 42175142, 42175013, and 41630532).
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Article Highlights
• At regional scales, the interannual variability of seasonal GPP in the Chinese mainland is closely related to ocean-atmosphere teleconnections over the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.
• From spring to autumn, there are considerable seasonal differences in GPP—teleconnection relationships, corresponding to local hydrothermal conditions.
• Ocean—atmosphere teleconnections mostly affect the GPP over eastern China (> 30% explained variance), which dominates the interannual GPP variability for China as a whole.
This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Carbon Neutrality: Important Roles of Renewable Energies, Carbon Sinks, NETs, and non-CO2 GHGs.
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Ocean-atmosphere Teleconnections Play a Key Role in the Interannual Variability of Seasonal Gross Primary Production in China
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Ying, K., Peng, J., Dan, L. et al. Ocean—atmosphere Teleconnections Play a Key Role in the Interannual Variability of Seasonal Gross Primary Production in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1329–1342 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1226-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1226-4