Abstract
A symbiotic relationship exists between simultaneous urban development and population growth. Consequences of this relationship have caused deterioration of natural water resources and a continuous need for expansion of urban water infrastructure. In this article, authors discuss the impact of accelerated urbanization on water resources in the twentieth century and the imperatives for holistic and cross-disciplinary approach in water management to meet the twenty-first century quality of life goals. Impediments to futuristic urban water management are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AWWA (2008) Roadmap to secure control systems in the water sector. Water Sector Coordinating Council Cyber Security Working Group, American Water Works Association and Homeland Security: https://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/Security/SecurityRoadmap.pdf. Accessed June 25, 2018
Buchholz, T, Madary D, Bork D, Younos T (2016) Stream restoration in urban environments: concept, design principles, and case studies of stream daylighting. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable water management in urban environments. The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 47, p 351. Springer Publishers, Heidelberg, Germany, pp 121–166
Chen Y, Zhu L, Che, J, et al (2016) Reclaimed water use and energy consumption: case study inhotel industry, Beijing. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable water management in urban environments. The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 47, p 351. Springer Publishers, Heidelberg, Germany, pp 57–82
CRS (2013) Energy-water nexus: the water sector’s energy use. Congressional Research Service, Washington, D.C, pp 7–5700
Dallman, S., A.M. Chaudhry, M. K. Muleta and J. Lee (2016) The value of rain: benefit-cost analysis of rainwater harvesting systems, Water Resources Management, 30(12):4415–4428
Downing B (2018) Las Vegas modernizes water recycling efforts. Water and Wastewater International: https://www.waterworld.com/water-and-wastewater-international.html. Accessed June 20, 2018
EIA (2016) Percent of total U.S. energy consumption. In Energy Encyclopedia, Institute for Energy Research, Energy Information Administration (EIA) Washington, D.C. http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia. Accessed June 20, 2018
Foster S, et al (2015) Effects of urbanization on groundwater recharge. In: Groundwater problems in urban areas. Institute of Civil Engineers, Online Publication: https://doi.org/10.1680/gpiua.19744.0005. Accessed June 15, 2018
Garcia D, Lee, Keck J, Yang P, Guzzetta R (2018) Hot spot analysis of water mains failures in California, Journal American Water Works Association, Vol (110)6, June 2018, P E39-E49, https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1039. Accessed June 15, 2018
Gungor-Demirci G, Lee J, Keck J, Guzzetta R, Yang P (2018) Determinants of non-revenue water for a water utility in California. J Water Supply Res Technol AQUA 67(3):270–278
Güngör-Demirci G, Lee J, Keck J (2018a) Measuring water utility performance using nonparametric linear programming. Civ Eng Environ Syst 34(3–4):206–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2018.1425403
Güngör-Demirci G, Lee J, Keck J (2018b) Assessing the performance of a California water utility using two-stage data envelopment analysis. J Water Resour Plan Manage, ASCE. Vol (144)4
Hirschman D, Battiata J (2016) Urban stormwater management: evolution of process and technology. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 47. 351pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 83–120
Lee, J. (2015) Hydraulic transients in service lines, International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 4(2):31–36
Lee J, Whelton A (2018) Development of premise plumbing hydraulics-water quality models. Paper presented at the Emerging Water Technologies Symposium, available at: http://www.iapmo.org/Documents/2018_EWTS/17-%20Lee%20-%20Development%20of%20Premise%20Plumbing%20Hydraulic-Water%20Quality%20Models.pdf . Accessed June 15, 2018
Lee J, Younos T (2018) Integrating renewable energy in water infrastructure: global trends and future outlooks. J Am Water Works Associ, AWWA 110(2):32–39
Lee J, Lohani V, Dietrich A, Loganathan GV (2012) Hydraulic transients in plumbing systems. IWA Water Supply, Water Sci Technol: Water Supply 12(5):619–629
Lee J, Bae K-H, Younos T (2017) Conceptual framework for decentralized green water-infrastructure systems. Water Environ J 00(2017):1. https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12305
Makoni F, Thekisoe O, Mbati P (2016) Urban wastewater for sustainable urban agriculture and water management in developing countries. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 47, 351pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 265–295
Morton J (2013) A path to net-zero water. Buildings 107(8):28 https://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/16068/title/a-path-to-net-zero-water/viewall/true. Accessed June 15, 2018
Mougeot L (2000) Urban agriculture: definition, presence, potentials and risks. In: Bakker et al (eds) Growing Cities, Growing Food: Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda, A Primer on Urban Agriculture. Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung, Zentralstelle für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Germany, pp 1–42
NAP (2016) Using graywater and stormwater to enhance local water supplies: an assessment of risks, costs, and benefits. Water Science and Technology Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Woods Hole 420 pages
NRDC (2012) Testing the waters. Natural Resources Defense Council: https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/ttw2012.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2018
Orsini F, Accorsi M, Luz P, Tsirogiannis L, Gianquinto G (2016) Sustainable water management in green roofs. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable water management in urban environments, The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 47, 351pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 167–208
Parece TE, Lumpkin M, Campbell JB (2016) Irrigating urban agriculture with harvested rainwater: case study in Roanoke, Virginia, USA. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 47. 351pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 235–264
Sanders K, Webber M (2012) Evaluating the energy consumed for water use in the United States. Environ Res Lett 7(3):1
Sojka S, Younos T, Crawford D (2016) Modern urban rainwater harvesting systems: design, case studies, and impacts. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 47. 351 pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 209–234
Tanverakul S, Lee J (2016) Decadal review of residential water demand analysis from a practical perspective. IWA Water Pract Technol 11(2):433–447. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.050
Tavakol-Davani H, Burian S, Devkota J, Apul D (2016) Performance and cost-based comparison of green and gray infrastructure to control combined sewer overflows. J Sustain Water Built Environ 2:2. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000805 Accessed June 15, 2018
U.S. Census (2015) https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1142.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2018
USEPA (2009) Massachusetts energy management pilot program for drinking water and wastewater case study. U.S. environmental protection agency, Washington, DC EPA-832-F-09-014
USEPA (2015) Onsite wastewater treatment and disposal systems: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/septic_1980_osdm_all.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2018
USEPA (2016) Sustainable water infrastructure: renewable energy options. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov/sustainablewater-infrastructure/energy-efficiencywater-utilities. Accessed June 15, 2018
USFS (2006) U.S. Forest Service: https://www.fs.fed.us/projects/four-threats/facts/open-space.shtml. Accessed June 15, 2018
USGS (2016) The effects of urbanization on water quality. The USGS Water Science School, U.S. Geological Survey: https://water.usgs.gov/edu/urbanquality.html. Accessed June 15, 2018
USGS (2017) National reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams is Making an Impact. The USGS Environmental Health - Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: https://toxics.usgs.gov/highlights/impact.html. Accessed June 25, 2018
Walsh T, Pomeroy C, Burian S (2014) Hydrologic modeling analysis of a passive, residential rainwater harvesting program in an urbanized semiarid watershed. J Hydrol 508:204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.038
Younos T (2011) Paradigm shift: holistic approach for water management in urban environments. J Front Earth Sci 5(4):421–427
Younos T, O’Neill K, McAvoy A (2016) Carbon footprint of water consumption in urban environments: mitigation strategies. In: Younos T, Parece TE (eds) Sustainable Water Management in Urban Environments, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 47. 351 pp. Springer Publishers Heidelberg, Germany, pp 33–56
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Younos, T., Lee, J. & Parece, T. Twenty-first century urban water management: the imperative for holistic and cross-disciplinary approach. J Environ Stud Sci 9, 90–95 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0524-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0524-3