Abstract
Although there have been a number of studies with proposed methods to evaluate sulphate resistance of cementitious mixtures, ASTM C1012 is still the most widely accepted performance method. However, the test often requires measurements that last from 6 months to a year, making it a very unpopular among practitioners. This paper presents a new method that is two to three times faster than the current ASTM test by accelerating the penetration and diffusion of sulphates, and inciting the chemical reactions between the hydrated cement paste and sulphate ions. Degradation was assessed on mortar specimens immersed in sodium sulphate solution (5% Na2SO4) by monitoring the variation in mass and the length change over time. When compared to the current ASTM method, the new method showed a significant acceleration in the rate of expansion with severe visual deterioration observed on the mortar bars in less than one-half the time.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACI Committee 201 (2008) Guide to durable concrete ACI 201.2R-16. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp 30–39
Van Tittelboom K, De Belie N, Hooton RD (2013) Test methods for resistance of concrete to sulfate attack—a critical review. In: Alexander M, Bertron A, De Belie N (eds) Performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments. Springer, pp 251–288
Van Tittelboom K, De Belie N (2009) A critical review of test methods for evaluating the resistance of concrete against sulfate attack. Concrete in Aggressive Aqueous Environments: Performance, Testing and Modeling, RILEM Publications SARL, Toulouse, France, pp 298–306
ASTM C1012 (2008) Standard test method for length change of hydraulic-cement mortars exposed to a sulfate solution. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA
Ferraris C, Stuzman P, Peltz M, Winpigler J (2005) Developing a more rapid test to assess sulfate resistance of hydraulic cements. J Res Nat Inst Stand Technol 110(5):529–540
Santhanam M, Cohen MD, Olek J (2002) Modeling the effects of solution temperature and concentration during sulfate on cement mortars. Cem Concr Res 32(4):585–592
ASTM C150 (2018) Standard specification for portland cement. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA
ASTM C109 (2016) Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars. American Society for Testing and Materials, USA
Dhole R (2008) Sulfate resistance of high-calcium fly ash concrete. Dissertation, The University of New Brunswick, Civil, Architectural, and Environments Environmental Engineering
Dhole R, Thomas MDA, Folliard KJ, Drimalas T (2011) Sulfate resistance of mortar mixtures of high-calcium fly ashes and other pozzolans. ACI Mater J 110:159–168
Dhole R, Thomas MDA, Folliard KJ, Drimalas T (2013) Characterization of fly ashes for sulfate resistance. ACI Mater J 110:159–168
Drimalas T (2007) Laboratory and field evaluations of external sulfate attack in concrete. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
Gollop R, Taylor H (1992) Microstructural and microanalytical studies of sulfate attack. I. Ordinary Portland cement. Cem Concr Res 22:1027–1038
Gollop R, Taylor H (1995) Microstructural and microanalytical studies of sulfate attack. III. Sulfate-resisting Portland cement: reactions with sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions. Cem Concr Res 25(7):1581–1590
Irassar EF, Bonavetti VL, Gonzalez M (2003) Microstructural study of sulfate attack on ordinary and limestone Portland cements at ambient temperature. Cem Concr Res 33:31–41
Wang JG (1994) Sulfate attack on hardened cement paste. Cem Concr Res 24(4):735–742
Gospodinov PN, Kazandjiev RF, Partalin TA, Mironove MK (1999) Diffusion of sulfate ions into cement stone regarding simultaneous chemical reaction and resulting effects. Cem Concr Res 29:1591–1596
Skalny J, Marchange J, Odler I (2002) Sulfate attack on concrete. Spon Press, London
AFGC-AFREM (1997) Durabilité des bétons, Méthodes recommandées pour la mesure des grandeurs associées à la durabilité, Lanoratoire Materiauz et Durabilité des construction, pp 121–124
Neville A (1995) Properties of concrete. Pearson Education Asia Pvt. Ltd., Jarlow, UK
Siad H, Lachemi M, Şahmaran M, Anwar Hossain K (2016) Preconditioning method for accelerated testing of concrete under sulfate attack. ACI Mater J 113(4):206, 493–504
Diamond S (1982) On the glass present in low-calcium and in high-calcium fly ashes. Cem Concr Res 13:459–464
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 RILEM
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aguayo, F., Funez, O.J., Drimalas, T., Folliard, K.J., Lute, R.D. (2020). An Alternative Method to Evaluate the Sulphate Resistance of Cementitious Binders. In: Menéndez, E., Baroghel-Bouny, V. (eds) External Sulphate Attack – Field Aspects and Lab Tests. RILEM Bookseries, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20331-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20331-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20330-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20331-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)