Abstract
An electrical power source is essential for the operation of most electronic equipment. Some portable equipment such as radio receivers and pocket calculators may be battery operated, but most electronic equipment requires an electrical supply. In this chapter, we examine the operation and design of linear power supplies that convert an AC voltage from the public mains supply into a stable DC voltage. At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to:
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Bibliography
J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems (Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York, 1972)
R. Coughlin, F. Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, 5th edn. (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998)
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Problems
Problems
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1.
Describe the operation of a full-wave rectifier and derive the expression for the average and rms output voltages.
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2.
Explain how the inclusion of a filter capacitor reduces the ripple in the output voltage and derive an expression for the peak-to-peak value of this ripple voltage.
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3.
Design an unregulated power supply to deliver 15Â volts at 1 ampere. Use a 15 volt transformer with a bridge rectifier and allow for a maximum ripple voltage of 1.5Â volts peak-to-peak.
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4.
Re-design the circuit of Question 3 using a half-wave rectifier.
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5.
A voltage from an unregulated supply varies between a minimum value of 12Â volts and a maximum value of 18Â volts. Using this unregulated supply, design a Zener-regulated supply that delivers 9Â volts DC with a current capacity of 15Â mA.
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6.
Design a single transistor regulated supply using a Zener diode capable of delivering 15Â V at 120Â mA. Use a half-wave rectifier to drive the regulator. Show how this circuit can be equipped with short-circuit protection.
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7.
Design a regulated supply using a Darlington pair and a Zener diode that delivers 9Â V at 1.5Â A. Use a full-wave rectifier to drive the regulator.
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8.
Explain the operation of the regulator shown in Fig. 10.66. Using this circuit, design a regulated supply to deliver 9Â volts at 0.5Â A
.
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9.
Explain the operation of the regulator circuit shown in Fig. 10.67, describing the circuit corrective action for unwanted increases or decreases in the output and giving an indication of the action of capacitor C.
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10.
Using the circuit shown in Fig. 10.67, design a +16Â volt, 1.2Â A regulator that is driven by an unregulated supply having 2Â volt peak-peak input ripple. Use a 20Â volt transformer and a bridge rectifier to provide the unregulated input. Assume the power transistor has a gain of 20 and the other transistors have gains of 125. Justify all your design steps.
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11.
Show how electronic protection can be added to this circuit and describe its operation.
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12.
Introduce bootstrapping of resistor R3 in the design of problem 10 and describe the effect of this bootstrapping.
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13.
Using the circuit shown in Fig. 10.68, design a +16Â volt, 1.2Â A regulator that is driven by an unregulated supply having 2Â volt peak-peak input ripple. Use a 20Â volt transformer and a bridge rectifier to provide the unregulated input. Assume the power transistor has a gain of 20 and the other transistors have gains of 125. Justify all your design steps
.
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14.
Design a regulated supply using the basic topology in Fig. 10.69 rated at 10Â volts and 150Â mA. Power for the regulator must come from an unregulated supply using a half-wave bridge rectifier and a 12 volt transformer having a ripple voltage of 1.5Â volts peak-to-peak at maximum load current. Use a pass transistor with current gain of 150. Include short-circuit protection in your design
.
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15.
Using the circuit shown in Fig. 10.70, design a +20Â volt, 1.5Â A regulator that is driven by an unregulated supply having 2.5Â volt peak-peak input ripple. Use a 30Â volt transformer and a full-wave rectifier to provide the unregulated input. Assume the power transistor has a gain of 50 and the other transistor has a gain of 150. Justify all design steps
.
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16.
Discuss the manner in which output voltage variation can be introduced in this circuit.
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17.
Design a 9Â volt regulator using the 7809 regulator IC.
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18.
Design a single transistor regulator to power a small radio from the mains supply. The required voltage is 6Â volts and the maximum current demand is 50Â mA.
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19.
How can a constant current diode be used to improve the performance of a regulated power supply?
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20.
Indicate other methods of improving the performance of a regulator.
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21.
Design a +12Â V regulated supply using regulator IC from the 7800 series.
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22.
Design a ±15 V regulated bipolar supply using regulator ICs from 7800 and 7900 series.
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23.
Using the circuit of Fig. 10.51, design a variable voltage regulated supply that can deliver 0–9 V at 100 mA.
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24.
Design a variable voltage bench power supply using a Darlington pair and the topology of Fig. 10.71.
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25.
Outline the operation of a switch-mode buck regulator.
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Gift, S.J.G., Maundy, B. (2021). Power Supplies. In: Electronic Circuit Design and Application. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46989-4_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46989-4_10
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