Skip to main content

Sodium, Osmolality, and Antidiuretic Hormone

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics
  • 1184 Accesses

Abstract

Assessment of urine and serum electrolytes, osmolality, and sometimes vasopressin is helpful in the assessment of polyuria and polydipsia as well as in the evaluation of primary hypo- or hypernatremia. This chapter discusses important assay considerations in this context and reviews laboratory interpretation and the next steps in management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Change history

  • 14 January 2021

    Chapter 28 in: T. Stanley, M. Misra (eds.),

References

  1. Sperling M, editor. Pediatric endocrinology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2014. 1061 p.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Di Iorgi N, Morana G, Napoli F, Allegri AEM, Rossi A, Maghnie M. Management of diabetes insipidus and adipsia in the child. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;29(3):415–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Imran S, Eva G, Christopher S, Flynn E, Henner D. Is specific gravity a good estimate of urine osmolality? J Clin Lab Anal. 2010;24(6):426–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jones DP. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and hyponatremia. Pediatr Rev. 2018;39(1):27–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ellison DH, Berl T. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(20):2064–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Penne EL, Thijssen S, Raimann JG, Levin NW, Kotanko P. Correction of serum sodium for glucose concentration in hemodialysis patients with poor glucose control. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(7):e91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Andropoulos DB. Appendix B: pediatric normal laboratory values. In: Gregory GA, Andropoulos DB, editors. Gregory’s pediatric anesthesia [Internet]. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 6]. p. 1300–14. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781444345186.app2.

  8. Simerville JA, Maxted WC, Pahira JJ. Urinalysis: a comprehensive review. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(6):1153–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fenske WK, Schnyder I, Koch G, Walti C, Pfister M, Kopp P, et al. Release and decay kinetics of copeptin vs AVP in response to osmotic alterations in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2018;103(2):505–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ferrannini E. Learning from glycosuria: FIG. 1. Diabetes. 2011;60(3):695–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Drummer C, Heer M, Baisch F, Blomqvist CG, Lang RE, Maass H, et al. Diuresis and natriuresis following isotonic saline infusion in healthy young volunteers before, during, and after HDT. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1992;604:101–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghazali S, Barratt TM. Sodium excretion after relief of urinary tract obstruction in children. Br J Urol. 1974;46(2):163–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lindner G, Schwarz C, Funk G-C. Osmotic diuresis due to urea as the cause of hypernatraemia in critically ill patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(3):962–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Berl T, Linas SL, Aisenbrey GA, Anderson RJ. On the mechanism of polyuria in potassium depletion. J Clin Investig. 1977;60(3):620–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Goldfarb S, Agus ZS. Mechanism of the polyuria of hypercalcemia. Am J Nephrol. 1984;4(2):69–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luz E. Castellanos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Castellanos, L.E. (2021). Sodium, Osmolality, and Antidiuretic Hormone. In: Stanley, T., Misra, M. (eds) Endocrine Conditions in Pediatrics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52215-5_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52215-5_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52214-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52215-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics