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Indian Shield

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The Lithosphere Beneath the Indian Shield

Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 20))

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Abstract

The Indian shield is divisible into two blocks along the major ENE-WSW trending Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) which separates the Aravalli and Bundelkhand cratons to the north from the Singhbhum, Bastar, Western- and Eastern-Dharwar cratons to the south. The Aravalli Craton consists of 3.3–2.5 Ga gneisses, migmatites, metasediments, and amphibolites which make up the Banded Gneissic Complex. This cratonic block was stabilised by about 2.5 Ga. The Bundelkhand Craton to the east of Aravalli block was stabilised around 1.8 Ga. It consists of gneiss-greenstone enclaves within granitic plutons and associated quartz reefs and mafic dyke swarms, intruded by the Bundelkhand granite.

The Singhbhum Craton to the south of CITZ consists of a core of 3.5 Ga TTG gneisses intruded by three pulses (3.4, 3.3, and 3.1 Ga) of Singhbhum granite and its equivalents. The granite contains enclaves of Older Metamorphic Group and Older Metamorphic Tonalite Gneisses. The granite is fringed by Proterozoic BIF basins. The craton was stabilised between 2.5 and 3.0 Ga.

The Bastar Craton comprises 2.6–2.2 Ga granite which contains vestiges of 3.5–3.0 Ga TTG gneisses. The supracrustals consist of conglomerates with BIF and subordinate basic and ultrabasic rocks as enclaves within granites.

The EDC consists of a remobilised basement of 2.7–2.5 Ga granodioritic gneisses and granitoids which also corresponds to the stabilisation of the craton. The supracrustals consist of high-Mg, low-K mafic volcanics of tholeiitic affinity with tuffs, and minor BIF which lack true conglomerates and sedimentary intercalations. The WDC comprises 3.3–3.1 Ga TTG gneisses intruded by the Closepet Granite at 2.51 Ga. The supracrustal rocks consist of two sequences assigned to the Sargur Group (~3.3–3.1 Ga) and the greenstones of the Dharwar Supergroup (2.9–2.4 Ga). The craton was stabilised around 3.3–3.0 Ga. The WDC and the EDC are brought in contact with the Southern Granulite Terrain, primarily along the Palghat-Cauvery shear zone.

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    Ashoka G. Dessai

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Dessai, A.G. (2021). Indian Shield. In: The Lithosphere Beneath the Indian Shield. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52942-0_2

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