Skip to main content

Inverter Degradation Consideration in Reactive Power Dispatch

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Reactive Power Support Using Photovoltaic Systems

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

  • 408 Accesses

Abstract

Even though many researchers assume that PV inverters are able to provide reactive power compensation (RPC) at no cost, there are tradeoffs involved in injecting/absorbing reactive power through the inverter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    \(V_{t}^{\text {CAP}}\) is always the same in the simulations done, i.e. \(V_{t}^{\text {CAP}}=V^{\text {INV,DC}}\), and therefore can be taken as constant, and the t index can be removed from \(M_{t}\).

  2. 2.

    This is also partly due to the random allocation of PV systems, instead of installing them at the optimal locations in the system. In fact, the power losses increase after the addition of PV at node 38, 34, and 44.

  3. 3.

    The simulation over at least a year is required to take into account the variation of inverter usage due to different weather conditions throughout the year.

References

  1. Sousa T, Morais H, Vale Z, Castro R (2015) A multi-objective optimization of the active and reactive resource scheduling at a distribution level in a smart grid context. Energy 85:236–250. ISSN: 03605442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.077

  2. Zhang L, Tang W, Liang J, Cong P, Cai Y (2016) Coordinated day-ahead reactive power dispatch in distribution network based on real power forecast errors. IEEE Trans Power Syst 31(3):2472–2480. ISSN: 0885-8950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2466435

  3. Ding T, Li C, Yang Y, Jiang J, Bie Z, Blaabjerg F (2017) A two-stage robust optimization for centralized-optimal dispatch of photovoltaic inverters in active distribution networks. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 8(2):744–754. ISSN: 19493029. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2605926

  4. Yang HT, Liao JT (2015) MF-apso-based multiobjective optimization for pv system reactive power regulation. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 6(4):1346–1355. ISSN: 19493029. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2015.2433957

  5. Braun M (2008) Provision of ancillary services by distributed generators. Ph.D thesis, Kassel University, p 273. ISBN: 9783899586381

    Google Scholar 

  6. Su X, Masoum MA, Wolfs PJ (2014) Optimal PV inverter reactive power control and real power curtailment to improve performance of unbalanced fourwire LV distribution networks IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5(3):967–977. ISSN: 19493029. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2014.2313862

  7. Kekatos V, Wang G, Conejo AJ, Giannakis GB (2014) Stochastic reactive power management in microgrids with renewables. IEEE Trans Power Syst PP (99):1–10. ISSN: 0885-8950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2369452, arXiv:1409.6758

  8. Kekatos V, Wang G, Conejo AJ, Giannakis GB (2014) Stochastic reactive power management in microgrids with renewables. IEEE Trans Power Syst PP (99):1–10. ISSN: 0885-8950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2369452, arXiv:1409.6758

  9. Gandhi O, Zhang W, Rodríguez-Gallegos CD, Bieri M, Reindl T, Srinivasan D (2018) Analytical approach to reactive power dispatch and energy arbitrage in distribution systems with ders. IEEE Trans Power Syst 33(6):6522–6533. ISSN: 0885-8950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2829527

  10. Anurag A, Yang Y, Blaabjerg F (2015) Thermal performance and reliability analysis of single-phase pv inverters with reactive power injection outside feeding operating hours. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron 3(4):870–880. ISSN: 21686785. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2015.2428432

  11. Sreechithra SM, Jirutitijaroen P, Rathore AK (2013) Impacts of reactive power injections on thermal performances of PV inverters. In: IECON proceedings (industrial electronics conference), pp 7175–7180. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2013.6700325

  12. Sreechithra SM, Jirutitijaroen P, Rathore AK (2013) Impacts of reactive power injections on thermal performances of PV inverters. In: IECON proceedings (industrial electronics conference), pp 7175–7180. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2013.6700325

  13. Wang H, Liserre M, Blaabjerg F, De Place Rimmen P, Jacobsen JB, Kvisgaard T, Landkildehus J (2014) Transitioning to physics-of-failure as a reliability driver in power electronics. IEEE J Emer Sel Top Power Electron 2(1):97–114. ISSN: 21686785. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2013.2290282

  14. Wang H, Blaabjerg F (2014) Reliability of capacitors for DC-link applications in power electronic converters - an overview. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 50(5):3569–3578. ISSN: 0093-9994. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2014.2308357

  15. Albertsen A (2010) Electrolytic capacitor lifetime estimation. http://www.powerguru.org/electrolytic-capacitor-lifetimeestimation/

  16. Stetz T, Rekinger M, Theologitis I (2014) Transition from uni-directional to bi-directional distribution grids. Technical report, International Energy Agency, Kassel, p 154

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gandhi O, Rodríguez-Gallegos CD, Gorla NBY, Bieri M, Reindl T, Srinivasan D (2019) Reactive power cost from PV inverters considering inverter lifetime assessment. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 10(2):738–747. ISSN: 1949-3029. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2846544

  18. Gandhi O, Rodríguez-Gallegos CD, Reindl T, Srinivasan D (2018) Competitiveness of PV inverter as a reactive power compensator considering inverter lifetime reduction. Energy Proc 150:74–82. ISSN: 18766102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.005

  19. Ding K, Bian X, Liu H, Peng T (2012) A matlab-simulink-based pv module model and its application under conditions of nonuniform irradiance. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 27(4):864–872. ISSN: 08858969. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2012.2216529

  20. Flicker JD, Kaplar R, Marinella M, Granata J PV inverter performance and reliability: what is the role of the bus capacitor? In: 2012 38th IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference, June 2012. IEEE, Austin, TX, USA, pp 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC-Vol2.2013.6656709

  21. Ton D, Bower W (2005) Summary report on the doe high-tech inverter workshop. Technical report, US Department of Energy

    Google Scholar 

  22. Holmes DG, Lipo TA (2003) Pulse width modulation for power converters. IEEE. ISBN: 9780470546284. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470546284, arXiv:1011.1669v3

  23. Kolar J, Round S (2006) Analytical calculation of the RMS current stress on the DC-link capacitor of voltage-PWM converter systems. In: IEE proceedings - electric power applications, vol 153, no 4, p 535. ISSN: 13502352. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20050458, arXiv:1011.1669v3

  24. Bieri M, Winter K, Tay S, Chua A, Reindl T (2017) An irradiance-neutral view on the competitiveness of life-cycle cost of PV rooftop systems across cities. Energy Proc

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rodríguez-Gallegos CD, Yang D, Gandhi O, Bieri M, Reindl T, Panda SK (2018) A multi-objective and robust optimization approach for sizing and placement of PV & batteries in off-grid systems fully operated by diesel generators: an Indonesian case study. Energy 160:410–429. ISSN: 03605442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.185

  26. Trina Solar, Allmax m plus framed 60-cell module. http://static.trinasolar.com/sites/default/files/Datasheet

  27. Vishay (2017) Aluminum capacitors, power general purpose screw terminals

    Google Scholar 

  28. Messo T, Jokipii J, Puukko J, Suntio T (2014) Determining the value of DC-link capacitance to ensure stable operation of a three-phase photovoltaic inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(2):665–673. ISSN: 08858993. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2255068

  29. Savier JS, Das D (2007) Impact of network reconfiguration on loss allocation of radial distribution systems. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 22(4):2473–2480. ISSN: 08858977. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905370

  30. Energy Market Authority (2018) Singapore half-hourly system demand data. https://www.ema.gov.sg/statistic.aspx?sta

  31. EMC (2018) Energy market price information. https://www.emcsg.com/marketdata/priceinformation. Accessed 04 Jan 2018

  32. Deb K, Pratap A, Agarwal S, Meyarivan T (2002) A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 6(2):182–197. ISSN: 1089778X. https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017

  33. Gandhi O, Srinivasan D, Rodríguez-Gallegos CD, Reindl T Competitiveness of reactive power compensation using pv inverter in distribution system. In: 2017 IEEE PES innovative smart grid technologies conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), September 2017. IEEE Torino, Italy, pp 1–6. ISBN: 978-1-5386-1953-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2017.8260238

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oktoviano Gandhi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gandhi, O. (2021). Inverter Degradation Consideration in Reactive Power Dispatch. In: Reactive Power Support Using Photovoltaic Systems. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61251-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61251-1_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-61250-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-61251-1

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics