Abstract
In order to support the future expansion and integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), ongoing research efforts have sought to produce findings that inform the minimum display information elements required for acceptable UAS pilot response times and traffic avoidance. Previous simulations have revealed performance benefits associated with DAA displays containing predictive information and suggestive maneuver guidance tools in the form of banding. The present study investigated the impact of various maneuver guidance display configurations on detect-and-avoid (DAA) task performance in a simulated airspace environment. UAS pilots’ ability to maintain DAA well clear was compared between displays with either the presence or absence of green DAA bands, which indicated conflict-free flight regions. Additional display comparisons assessed pilots’ ability to regain DAA well clear with two different guidance presentations designed to aid in DAA well clear recovery during critical encounters. Performance implications and display considerations for future UAS DAA systems are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
RTCA: Terms of Reference: RTCA Special Committee 228 Minimum Performance Standards for Unmanned Aircraft Systems. RTCA Inc., Washington (2013)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Integration of Civil UAS in the NAS Roadmap, 1st edn. FAA, Washington (2013)
Code of Federal Regulations: 14 CFR, Part 91, Sec. 91.113 (2004)
Santiago, C., Mueller, E.R.: Pilot evaluation of a UAS detect-and-avoid system’s effectiveness in remaining well clear. In: 11th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar, Lisbon (2015)
Bell, S., Drury, J., Estes, S., Reynolds, C.: GDTI: A ground station display of traffic information for use in sense and avoid operations. In: 2012 IEEE/AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), Williamsburg, VA (2012)
Friedman-Berg, F., Rein, J., Racine, R.: Minimum visual information requirements for detect and avoid in unmanned aircraft systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58th Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL (2014)
Draper, D.H., Pack, J.S., Darrah, S.J., Moulton, S.N.: Human-machine interface development for common airborne sense and avoid program. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58th Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL (2014)
Fern, L., Rorie, R.C., Pack, J., Shively, R.J., Draper, M.: An evaluation of DAA displays for unmanned aircraft systems: the effect of information level and display location on pilot performance. In: Proceedings of 15th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Dallas, TX (2015)
Rorie, R.C., Fern, L.: The impact of integrated maneuver guidance information on UAS pilots performing the detect and avoid task. In: Proceedings of the 59th Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (2015)
Monk, K.J., Fern, L., Rorie, R.C., Shively, R.J.: Effects of display location and information level on UAS pilot assessments of a detect and avoid system. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59th Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA (2015)
Rorie, R.C., Fern, L., Shively, J.: The impact of suggestive maneuver guidance on UAS pilot performing the detect and avoid function. In: AIAA Infotech@ Aerospace, San Diego, CA (2016)
Monk, K.J., Roberts, Z.: UAS pilot evaluations of suggestive guidance on detect-and-avoid displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2016)
Feitshans, G.L., Rowe, A.J., Davis, J.E., Holland, M., Berger, L.: Vigilant spirit control station (VSCS)—‘The Face of COUNTER’. In: Proceedings of AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference Exhibition, Honolulu, HI (2008)
Santiago, C., Abramson, M., Refai, M., Mueller, E., Johnson, M., Snow, J.: Java Architecture for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Modeling and Extensibility (JADEM) (2015)
Abramson, M., Mohamad, R., Confesor, S.: A generic resolution advisor and conflict evaluator (GRACE) in applications to detect-and-avoid (DAA) systems of unmanned aircraft. In: Proceedings of 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (2017)
Mueller, E., Santiago, C., Watza, S.: Piloted “Well Clear” performance evaluation of detect-and-avoid systems with suggestive guidance. NASA/TM-2016-219396 (2016)
RTCA: Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems. RTCA Inc., Washington (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG(outside the USA)
About this paper
Cite this paper
Monk, K.J., Roberts, Z. (2018). Maintain and Regain Well Clear: Maneuver Guidance Designs for Pilots Performing the Detect-and-Avoid Task. In: Chen, J. (eds) Advances in Human Factors in Robots and Unmanned Systems. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 595. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60384-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60384-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60383-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60384-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)