Abstract
With the advent of noninvasive medical imaging techniques, neuro scientists have acquired the ability to examine functional activation of human’s brain in different environments, especially infants and elderly patients, an approach which was difficult until recently with introduction of with non-invasive neuro imaging methods. One innovative new neuro-imaging technique is the functional Near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) which obviously compensate much limitations, and an elucidation of this technology being implemented and gathered attention of modern social and neuro imaging researchers. Most of the Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) research falls into two main categories: Analyzing the brain’s social and biological information in academia, and its clinical applications making neuroimaging particularly advantageous. Moreover, Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allowed researcher to investigate different cultural and behavioral interaction with human and the behaviors in which these interaction changes effect brain. One of the behavioral interaction is the decision-making process and its study on human brain region known as Prefrontal Cortex Region (PFC). Most decision-making processes takes place in prefrontal cortex region of brain, functional neuro imaging techniques like functional Near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and are considered as an optimal medium to investigate these processes. This study also offer further investigation as to how to the use of medical imaging techniques to answer questions of decision making in PFC trigon of human brain.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Glimcher, P., Fehr, E., Poldrack, R. (eds.): Neuroeconomics. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008)
Wray, S., Cope, M., Delpy, D.T.: Characteristics of the near infrared absorption spectra of cytochrome aa3 and hemoglobin for the noninvasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933, 184–192 (1998)
Hoshi, Y., Tamura, M.: Detection of dynamic changes in cerebral oxygenation coupled to neuronal function during mental work in man. Neurosci. Lett. 150, 5–8 (1993)
Villringer, A., Planck, J., Hock, C., Schleinkofer, L., Dirnagl, U.: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): a new tool to study hemodynamic changes during activation of brain function in human adults. Neurosci. Lett. 154, 101–104 (1993)
Doi, H., et al.: NIRS as a tool for assaying emotional function in the prefrontal cortex. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7, 770 (2013)
Hoshi, Y.: Functional near-infrared optical imaging: utility and limitations in human brain mapping. Psychophysiology 40, 511–520 (2003)
Hoshi, Y.: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: current status and future prospects. J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 062106 (2007)
Jones, R.A.: Origin of the signal undershoot in BOLD studies of the visual cortex. NMR Biomed. 12, 299–308 (1999)
Emir, U.E.: Multimodal investigation of fMRI and fNIRS derived breath hold BOLD signals with an expanded balloon model. Physiol. Meas. 29, 49–63 (2008)
Lee, S.P., et al.: Relative changes of cerebral arterial and venous blood volumes during increased cerebral blood flow: implications for BOLD fMRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 45, 791–800 (2001)
Strangman, G., et al.: A quantitative comparison of simultaneous BOLD fMRI and NIRS recordings during functional brain activation. NeuroImage 17, 719–731 (2002)
Levy, I., Lazzaro, S.C., Rutledge, R.B., Glimcher, P.W.: Choice from non-choice: predicting consumer preferences from blood oxygenation level-dependent signals obtained during passive viewing. J. Neurosci. 31, 118–125 (2011)
Moll, J., et al.: The neural basis of human moral cognition. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 799–809 (2005)
Miller, E.K., et al.: An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 167–202 (2001)
Wallis, J.D., et al.: Neuronal activity in primate dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex during performance of a reward preference task. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 2069–2081 (2003)
Wallis, J.D.: Orbitofrontal cortex and its contribution to decision making. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 31–56 (2007)
Hare, T.A., et al.: Value computations in ventral medial prefrontal cortex during charitable decision making incorporate input from regions involved in social cognition. J. Neurosci. 30(2), 583–590 (2010)
Goldman-Rakic, P.S.: Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Plum, F. (ed.) Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Higher Functions of the Brain, pp. 373–417. American Physiological Society, Bethesda (1987)
Sanfey, A.G., et al.: The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Science 300(5626), 1755–1758 (2003)
Chib, V.S., et al.: Evidence for a common representation of decision values for dissimilar goods in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J. Neurosci. 29(39), 12315–12320 (2009)
Knoch, D., et al.: Disruption of right prefrontal cortex by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces risk-taking behavior. J. Neurosci. 26, 6469–6472 (2006)
Plassmann, H, et al.: Appetitive and aversive goal values are encoded in the medial orbitofrontal cortex at the time of decision making. J. Neurosci. 30(32), 10799–10808 (2010)
Ramnani, N., Owen, A.M.: Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 184–194 (2004)
Crockett, M.J.: The neurochemistry of fairness. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1167, 76–86 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Asgher, U. et al. (2018). Analyzing Various Functions of Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in Decision Making via Brain Imaging Techniques. In: Hoffman, M. (eds) Advances in Cross-Cultural Decision Making. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 610. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60747-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60747-4_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60746-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60747-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)