Abstract
A low-power, single-output ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) has been presented in this paper. Circuit diagram for proposed VCO is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS process. For proposed ring VCO, a controllable delay cell has been implemented that consists of a three transistors NAND gate inverter with MOS resistive tuning element. Resistance variation of MOS transistors has been utilized to tune the frequency of the proposed VCO. Result shows that the proposed VCO operates from 1.251 to 1.884 GHz with the deviation in control voltage (VCT) from 0.6 to −0.6 V across the MOS transistors P3 and N2 with 1.8 V supply voltage (Vdd). Impact of Vdd variation on oscillation frequency also has been observed with different values of VCT. A tunable range of frequency has been obtained from 1.251 to 2.897 GHz with change in Vdd from 1.8 to 3 V for positive value of VCT. Further, output frequency shows variation from 1.795 to 2.943 GHz with change in Vdd from 1.8 to 3.0 V for negative value of VCT. The proposed VCO shows a phase noise of −91.77 dBc/Hz @1 MHz offset from carrier frequency with power consumption of 0.248 mW at 1.8 V Vdd. Figure of merit (FoM) of the proposed VCO is 162 dBc/Hz.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S.J. Lee, B. Kim, K. Lee, A novel high-speed ring oscillator for multiphase clock generation using negative skewed delay scheme. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 32(2), 289–291 (1997)
B. Catli, M.M. Hella, A 0.5-V 3.6/5.2 GHz CMOS multi-band LC VCO for ultra low-voltage wireless applications, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008), pp. 996–999
R.B. Staszewski, P.T. Balsara, Phase-domain all-digital phase-locked loop. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II Exp. Briefs 52(3), 159–163 (2005)
M. Kumar, S.K. Arya, S. Pandey, Low power digitally controlled oscillator designs with a novel 3-transistor XNOR gate. J. Semicond. 33(3), 035001 (2012)
L.S. De Paula, A.A. Susin, S. Bampi, A wide band CMOS differential voltage-controlled ring oscillator, in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium on Integrated Circuits and System Design (2008), pp. 85–89
K. Roy, S.C. Prasad, Low Power CMOS Circuit Design (Wiley Pvt. Ltd., 2002)
M.J. Deen, M.H. Kazemeini, S. Naseh, Performance characteristics of an ultra-low power VCO, in Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS’03, vol. 1 (2003), pp. I–I
M. Kumar, S. Arya, S. Pandey, Ring VCO design with variable capacitance XNOR delay cell. J. Inst. Eng. (India): Series B 96(4), 371–379 (2015)
J.K. Panigrahi, D.P. Acharya, Performance analysis and design of wideband CMOS voltage controlled ring oscillator, in 2010 5th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (2010), pp. 234–238
L. Xuemei, W. Zhigong, S. Lianfeng, Design and analysis of a three-stage voltage-controlled ring oscillator. J. Semicond. 34(11), 115003 (2013)
Z.Z. Chen, T.C. Lee, The design and analysis of dual-delay-path ring oscillators. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 58(3), 470–478 (2010)
J. Choi, K. Lim, J. Laskar, A ring VCO with wide and linear tuning characteristics for a cognitive radio system, in 2008 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (IEEE, 2008), pp. 395–398
O. Nizhnik, R.K. Pokharel, H. Kanaya, K. Yoshida, Low noise wide tuning range quadrature ring oscillator for multi-standard transceiver. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 19(7), 470–472 (2009)
M.L. Sheu, Y.S. Tiao, L.J. Taso, A 1-V 4-GHz wide tuning range voltage-controlled ring oscillator in 0.18 μm CMOS. Microelectron. J. 42(6), 897–902 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dwivedi, D., Kumar, M. (2021). A Low-Power Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with MOS Resistor Tuning for Wireless Application. In: Bansal, P., Tushir, M., Balas, V., Srivastava, R. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1164. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4992-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4992-2_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4991-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4992-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)