Abstract
With the advent of various techniques to assess the bioelectric signals on the surface of the body, it has become possible to develop various Human–Computer interface systems. In this study, for the first time a cross-correlation based data is reported for two different types of bio-signals, viz. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG). Whereas EEG refers to the neuro-electric impulses generated in the brain recorded in the form of electric potentials, EMG records the activation potentials of the muscle cells when they contract or relax. The ability of Hindustani Music (HM) to evoke a wide range of emotional experience in its listeners is widely known. For this study, we took simultaneous EEG and EMG data of 5 participants while they listened to two Hindustani ragas of contrast emotions namely Chayanat (corresponding to happy/joy) and Darbari Kanada (corresponding to sad/pathos) emotion. We make use of two latest signal processing algorithms—Wavelet-based power spectra and cross-correlation coefficient to assess the arousal based activities in response to the acoustic clips in the two different bio-signals. For the first time, an attempt is being made to quantify and categorize musical emotions using EMG signals and an attempt to correlate that with the EEG signals obtained from the brain. The alpha, theta, and gamma frequency range in the frontal and parietal electrodes is found to be the most responsive in case of musical emotions. The EMG response has been studied by segregating the entire signal into different frequency ranges as is done in case of EEG frequency bands. Interestingly, the response in case of EMG data is strongest in the same frequency bands as that of EEG signals. Novel pitch detection algorithm has also been applied to EMG signals to ratify the rationale behind the separation of frequency bands. This is the first of its kind study which looks for categorization and quantification of musical emotions using simultaneously two different bio-signals with the help of robust mathematical analysis. The results and implications have been discussed in detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lin YP, Wang CH, Jung TP, Wu TL, Jeng SK, Duann JR, Chen JH (2010) EEG-based emotion recognition in music listening. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57(7):1798–1806
Lin YP, Wang CH, Wu TL, Jeng SK, Chen JH (2007) Multilayer perceptron for EEG signal classification during listening to emotional music. In: TENCON 2007–2007 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, pp 1–3
Lin YP, Wang CH, Wu TL, Jeng SK, Chen JH (2009) EEG-based emotion recognition in music listening: a comparison of schemes for multiclass support vector machine. In: 2009. ICASSP 2009. IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing. IEEE, pp 489–492
Lin YP, Wang CH, Wu TL, Jeng SK, Chen JH (2008) Support vector machine for EEG signal classification during listening to emotional music. In: 2008 IEEE 10th workshop on multimedia signal processing. IEEE, pp 127–130
Liu Y, Sourina O (2014) Real-time subject-dependent EEG-based emotion recognition algorithm. Transactions on Computational Science XXIII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 199–223
Murugappan M, Ramachandran N, Sazali Y (2010) Classification of human emotion from EEG using discrete wavelet transform. J Biomed Sci Eng 3(04):390
Musha T, Terasaki Y, Haque HA, Ivamitsky GA (1997) Feature extraction from EEGs associated with emotions. Artif Life Robot 1(1):15–19
Choppin A (2000) EEG-based human interface for disabled individuals: emotion expression with neural networks. Unpublished master’s thesis
Frantzidis CA, Bratsas C, Papadelis CL, Konstantinidis E, Pappas C, Bamidis PD (2010) Toward emotion aware computing: an integrated approach using multichannel neurophysiological recordings and affective visual stimuli. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 14(3):589–597
Cheng B, Liu G (2008) Emotion recognition from surface EMG signal using wavelet transform and neural network. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering (ICBBE), pp 1363–1366
Murugappan M (2011) Electromyogram signal based human emotion classification using KNN and LDA. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on system engineering and technology (ICSET). IEEE, pp 106–110
Nakasone A, Prendinger H, Ishizuka M (2005) Emotion recognition from electromyography and skin conductance. In Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on biosignal interpretation, pp 219–222
Yang S, Yang G (2011) Emotion recognition of EMG based on improved LM BP neural network and SVM. JSW 6(8):1529–1536
Kim J, André E (2008) Emotion recognition based on physiological changes in music listening. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 30(12):2067–2083
Naji M, Firoozabadi M, Azadfallah P (2015) Emotion classification during music listening from forehead biosignals. SIViP 9(6):1365–1375
Hamedi M, Salleh SH, Astaraki M, Noor AM (2013) EMG-based facial gesture recognition through versatile elliptic basis function neural network. Biomed Eng Online 12(1):73
Hamedi M, Rezazadeh IM, Firoozabadi M (2011) Facial gesture recognition using two-channel bio-sensors configuration and fuzzy classifier: a pilot study. In: 2011 International conference on electrical, control and computer engineering (INECCE). IEEE, pp 338–343
Banerjee A, Sanyal S, Patranabis A, Banerjee K, Guhathakurta T, Sengupta R, Ghose P et al (2016) Study on brain dynamics by non linear analysis of music induced EEG signals. Phys A: Stat Mech Appl 444:110–120
Nag S, Biswas S, Sengupta S, Sanyal S, Banerjee A, Sengupta R, Ghosh D (2017) Can musical emotion be quantified with neural jitter or shimmer? A novel EEG based study with Hindustani classical music. In: 2017 4th international conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN). IEEE, pp 358–363
Sanyal S, Banerjee A, Patranabis A, Banerjee K, Sengupta R, Ghosh D (2016) A study on improvisation in a musical performance using multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis. Phys A 462:67–83
Sanyal S, Nag S, Banerjee A, Sengupta R, Ghosh D (2019) Music of brain and music on brain: a novel EEG sonification approach. Cogn Neurodyn 13(1):13–31
Ghosh D, Sengupta R, Sanyal S, Banerjee A (2018)Â Musicality of human brain through fractal analytics. Springer Singapore
Martinez JL (2001) Semiosis in Hindustani music, vol 15. Motilal Banarsidass Publ
Akin M (2002) Comparison of wavelet transform and FFT methods in the analysis of EEG signals. J Med Syst 26(3):241–247
Acknowledgments
SS acknowledges the JU RUSA 2.0 Post Doctoral Fellowship (R-11/557/19) and Acoustical Society of America (ASA) to pursue this research AB acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India for providing (SR/CSRI/PDF-34/2018) the DST CSRI Post Doctoral Fellowship to pursue this research work. This study has been conducted under the guidelines of Ethical Committee of Jadavpur University (Approval No. 3/2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sarkar, U. et al. (2021). A Simultaneous EEG and EMG Study to Quantify Emotions from Hindustani Classical Music. In: Singh, M., Rafat, Y. (eds) Recent Developments in Acoustics. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5776-7_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5776-7_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-5775-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-5776-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)