Skip to main content

Recycling Technologies

  • Living reference work entry
  • Latest version View entry history
  • First Online:

Glossary

Ceramic glass:

Transparent ceramic products characterized by an appearance similar to those of glass. They are characterized by an amorphous phase and one or more crystalline phases.

Classification:

Set of mechanical actions carried out in dry or wet conditions, addressed to perform a “classification” of particles systems according to their morphometrical (e.g.,size-shape) attributes.

Comminution:

Set of mechanical actions specifically carried out to perform a reduction of waste materials in particles of suitable size and shape to be properly handled and processed in order to liberate/remove contaminants.

Cullet:

Particulate solid product resulting from collection-comminution of waste glasses.

De-inking:

Mechanical process finalized to remove “ink-particles” and “stickies” from waste paper.

Ferrous metal:

Magnetic metals mainly composed of iron.

Flotation:

Mechanical process finalized to perform a selective separation of hydrophobic from hydrophilic materials. Hydrophobic...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Bibliography

Primary Literature

  1. Bartl A, Hackl A, Mihalyi B, Wistuba M, Marini I (2005) Recycling of fibre materials. Process Saf Environ Prot 8(B4):351–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Confederation of European Paper Industries (2009) CEPI sustainability report. Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ochoa JAG (2008) Feasibility of recycling pulp and paper mill sludge in the paper and board industries. Resour Conserv Recycl 52(7):965–972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wiegand PS, Unwin JP (1994) Alternative management of pulp and paper industry solid wastes. TAPPI J 77:91–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wolfer EP, Venkat WB, Maroju BV, Martiny A (1997) Method for recovering fiber from effluent streams. US Patent 5, pp 593–542

    Google Scholar 

  6. Saint Amand FJ (1999) Hydrodynamics of deinking flotation. Int J Miner Process 56:277–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tandy S, Healey JR, Nason MA, Williamson JC, Jones DL (2009) Heavy metal fractionation during the co-composting of bio-solids, deinking paper fibre and green waste. Bioresour Technol 100(18):4220–4226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Moo-Young HK Jr, Zimmie TF (1997) Waste minimization and re-use of paper sludges in landfill covers: a case study. Waste Manag Res 15(6):593–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Werther J, Ogada T (1999) Sewage sludge combustion. Prog Energy Combust Sci 25(1):55–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Safeglass (Europe) Limited, Nasmyth Building, Nasmyth Avenue. East Kilbride. UK G75 0Q. http://www.breakglass.org/Glass_making.html

  11. Höland W, Beall G (2002) Glass-ceramic technology. The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, p 372

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pannhorst W (1997) Glass ceramics: state of the art. J Non-Cryst Solids 219:198–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rem PC (1999) Eddy current separation. Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bonifazi G, D’Addetta A, Massacci P (2002) Classification by neural net of a particle stream in an eddy-current drum separator. Int J Part Part Syst Charact 19:96–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jong TPR, de Dalmijn WL (2002) X-ray transmission imaging for process optimisation of solid resources. In: R02, 6th world congress on integrated resources management, Geneva, CD-Paper 173

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bonifazi G (2000) Imaging based sorting logic in solid waste recycling. In: The sixteenth international conference on solid waste technology and management – session 6A: recycling and source reduction, vol 6, Philadelphia, pp 14–26

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bonifazi G, Massacci P (2000) Cullets (glass fragments) quality control by artificial vision: a textural based approach. In: 4th world congress R00 – recovery, recycling, re-integration, Toronto, CD-Paper 31, pp 723–728

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bonifazi G, Massacci P (1998) Cullets (glass fragments) quality control by artificial vision: a color based approach. In: Proceedings of international conference on quality control by artificial vision, Takamatsu, pp 94–99

    Google Scholar 

  19. Serranti S, Bonifazi G, Pohl R (2006) Spectral cullet classification in the mid-infrared field for ceramic glass contaminants detection. Waste Manag Res 24:48–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bonifazi G, Serranti S (2006) Imaging spectroscopy based strategies for ceramic glass contaminants removal in glass recycling. Waste Manag 26:627–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cramb AW (1996) A short history of metals. Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Carnegie Mellon University. http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html

  22. Gascoigne B (2001) History of metallurgy. HistoryWorld. Ongoing. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab16

  23. Alter H (1977) Magnetic separation – recovery of salable iron and steel from municipal solid waste. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati

    Google Scholar 

  24. Shapiro M, Galperin V (2005) Air classification of solid particles: a review. Chem Eng Process 44:279–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wills BA (1997) Mineral processing technology, 6th edn. Butterworth-Heinmann, Boston, p 232

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kahn CH (1979) The art and thought of Heraclitus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mamedbeii GD (1959) Muhammed Nasir al-Din al-Tusi on the theory of parallel lines and the theory of ratios. (Azerbaijani), Izdat. Akad. Nauk Azerbaijzansk. SSR (Baku)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dumas M (1955) Lavoisier, théoricien et expérimentateur. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  29. Heijungs R, Huppes G, Guinée JB (2010) Life cycle assessment and sustainability analysis of products, materials and technologies. Toward a scientific framework for sustainability life cycle analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 95(3):422–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bradley D (1965) The hydrocyclone. Pergamon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  31. Takoungsakdakun T, Pongstabodee S (2007) Separation of mixed post-consumer PET-POM-PVC plastic waste using selective flotation. Sep Purif Technol 54:248–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Buchan R, Yarar B (1995) Recovering plastics for recycling by mineral processing techniques. J Miner Met Mater Soc 47:52–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Drelich J, Kim JH, Payne T, Miller JD, Kobler RW (1999) Purification of polyethylene terephthalate from polyvinyl chloride by froth flotation for the plastics (soft-drink bottle) recycling industry. Sep Purif Technol 15:9–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kang H, Schoenung JM (2005) Electronic waste recycling: a review of US infrastructure and technology options. Resour Conserv Recycl 45(4):368–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Veit HM, Pereira C, Bernardes AM (2002) Using mechanical processing in recycling printed wiring board. J Miner Met Mater Soc 54(6):45–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bakker EJ, Rem PC (2006) Magneto-hydrostatic separation of PET. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference for conveying and handling of particulate solids, Sorrento, 27–31 Aug 2006

    Google Scholar 

  37. Berkhout SPM, Rem PC (2009) Dutch Patent NL2001431

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rem PC, Di Maio F, Hu B, Houzeaux G, Baltes L, Tieran M (2012) Magnetic fluid equipment for sorting of secondary polyolefins from waste. In: Ecoimpuls 2012: international conference of environmental research and technology, Timisoara, 25–26 Oct

    Google Scholar 

  39. Luciani V, Bonifazi G, Rem P, Serranti S (2015) Upgrading of PVC rich wastes by magnetic density separation and hyperspectral imaging quality control. Waste Manag 45:118–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Askvik KM, Hetlesæther S, Sjobölm J, Stenius S (2001) Properties of the lignosulfonate-surfactant complex phase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 182:178–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Singh BP (1998) Wetting mechanism in the flotation separation of plastics. Filtr Sep 35:525–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Shen H, Pugh RJ, Forssberg E (2002) Floatability, selectivity and flotation separation of plastics by using a surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 196:63–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Andrady AL (2003) Plastics and the environment. Wiley, Hoboken, p 792

    Book  Google Scholar 

  44. Al-Salem SM, Lettieri P, Baeyens J (2009) Thermal pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE). In: Proceedings of the 9th European gasification conference: clean energy and chemicals, Düsseldorf

    Google Scholar 

  45. Scheirs J (1998) Polymer recycling: science, technology and application, 1st edn. Wiley-Blackwell, New York

    Google Scholar 

  46. Dirks E (1996) Energy recovery from plastic waste in waste incineration plants. In: Brandrup J, Bittner M, Menges G, Michaeli W (eds) Recycling and recovery of plastics, 1st edn. Hanser, Munich, pp 746–769

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zia KM, Bhatti HN, Bhatti IA (2007) Methods for polyurethane and polyurethane composites, recycling and recovery: a review. React Funct Polym 67(8):675–692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hawn K (2001) An overview of commercial recycling technologies and textile applications for the products. In: 6th annual conference on recycling of polymer, textile and carpet waste, Dalton

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cupit MJ (1996) Opportunities and barriers to textile recycling, AEA Technology, Report 0113, Oxfordshire

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bartl A, Mihalyi B, Marini I (2004) Applications of renewable fibrous materials. Chem Biochem Eng 18:21–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wang Y (1995) Reuse of carpet industrial waste for concrete reinforcement. In: RILEM proceeding (Disposal and recycling of organic and polymeric construction materials), vol 27, London, pp 297–306

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wang Y (1997) Properties of concrete reinforced with recycled carpet waste fibers. In: Proceedings of international symposium on brittle matrix composites 5, Warsaw, pp 179–186

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wang Y (1999a) Ecotextile’98: sustainable development. In: Proceedings of the conference, Bolton, pp 165–171

    Google Scholar 

  54. Wang Y (1999) Utilization of recycled carpet waste fibers for reinforcement of concrete and soil. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 38:533–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang Y (2002) Recycling of automotive fibers. In: Proceedings of joint INDA-TAPPI conference, Atlanta, pp 160–167

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bohnhoff A, Petershans J (2002) De-centralised technology for the sorting of textile floor coverings. In: 7th annual conference on recycling of polymer, textile and carpet waste, Dalton

    Google Scholar 

  57. Strzelecki C (2004) Modern solutions for shredding, grinding and re-pelletizing post-industrial fiber, nonwovens and carpet scrap. In: Annual conference on recycling of polymer, textile and carpet waste, Dalton

    Google Scholar 

  58. Bacon FC, Holland WR, Holland LH (1998) Method and machine for recycling discarded carpets. US Patent 5,704,104

    Google Scholar 

  59. Howe MA, White SH, Locklear SG (2001) Method and apparatus for reclaiming carpet components. US Patent 6,182,913

    Google Scholar 

  60. Herlihy J (1997) Recycling in the carpet industry. Carpet and Rug Industry, pp 17–25

    Google Scholar 

  61. Kasserra P (1998) Recycling of polyamide 6.6 and 6. In: Prasad PN et al (eds) Science and technology of polymers and advanced materials. Plenum, New York, pp 629–635

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Hagguist JAE, Hume RM (1993) Carpet reclaimer. US Patent 5,230,473

    Google Scholar 

  63. Schut JH (1995) Big plans for carpet. Plast World 53:25

    Google Scholar 

  64. Booij M, Hendrix JAJ, Frentzen YH (1997) Process for recycling polyamide-containing carpet waste. European Patent 759,456

    Google Scholar 

  65. Frentzen YH, Thijert MP, Zwart RL (1997) Process for the recovery of caprolactam from waste containing nylon by extraction with alkyl phenol. World Patent 970,304

    Google Scholar 

  66. Sarian AK, Handerman AA, Jones S, Davis EA, Adbye A (1998) Recovery of polyamide from composite articles. US Patent 584,980

    Google Scholar 

  67. Sikorski ME (1993) Recycling of polymeric materials from carpets and other multi-component structures by means of supercritical fluid extraction. US Patent 5,233,021

    Google Scholar 

  68. Griffith AT, Park Y, Roberts CB (1999) Separation and recovery of nylon form carpet waste using a supercritical fluid antisolvent technique. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 38(3):411–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Honeywell Nylon Inc (2005) http://www.infinitynylon.com

  70. Elam CC, Evan RJ, Czernik S (1997) An integrated approach to the recovery of fuels and chemicals from mixed waste carpets through thermocatalytic processing, Preprint papers -American Chemical Society. Div Fuel Chem 42(4):993–997

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bajaj P, Sharma ND (1997) In: Gupta VB, Kothari VK (eds) Reuse of polymer and fibre waste in manufactured fibre technology. Chapman & Hall, New York, p 615

    Google Scholar 

  72. Brown T (2001) Infinity nylon – a never-ending cycle of renewal. In: 6th annual conference on recycling of polymer, textile and carpet waste, Dalton. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10385

  73. Schut JH (1993) A recycling first: carpets! Plast Techno, pp 22–25

    Google Scholar 

  74. Young D, Chlystek S, Malloy R, Rios I (1998) Recycling of carpet scrap. US Patent 5,852,115

    Google Scholar 

  75. Hagberg CG, Dickerson JL (1997) Recycling nylon carpet via reactive extrusion. Plast Eng 53:41–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Datta RJ, Polk MB, Kumar S (1995) Reactive compatibilization of polypropylene and nylon. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 34(4):551–560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Dagli SS, Xanthos M, Biesenberger JA (1992) Blends of nylon 6 and polypropylene with potential applications in recycling, effects of reactive extrusion variables on blend characteristics. ACS Symp Ser 513:241–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. David DJ, Dickerson JL, Sincock TF (1994) Thermoplastic composition and method for producing thermoplastic composition by melt blending carpet. US Patent 5,294,384

    Google Scholar 

  79. Muzzy J, Wang Y, Hagberg C, Patel P, Jin K, Samanta S, Bryson L, Shaw B (2004) Long fiber reinforced post-consumer carpet. In: ANTEC 2004, Annual technical conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  80. Jähne B (1993) Digital image processing: concepts, algorithms, and scientific applications, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  81. de Kattentidt HUR, Jong TPR, Dalmijn WL (2003) Multi-sensor identification and sorting of bulk solids. Control Eng Pract 11:4147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Bearmann GH, Levenson RM, Cabib D (eds) (2002) Spectral imaging: basic principles and prospective applications. Kluwer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  83. Leitner R, Mairer H, Kercek A (2003) Real-time classification of polymers with NIR spectral imaging and blob analysis. Real-Time Imag 9:245–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. American Wood Preservers’ Association (AWPA) (1999) American wood preservers’ association book of standards. American Wood Preservers’ Association, Grandbury

    Google Scholar 

  85. Blassino M, Solo-Gabriele HM, Townsend T (2002) Pilot scale evaluation of sorting technologies for CCA treated wood waste. Waste Manag Res 20:290–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Kormienko M (1999) Sorting technologies for CCA-treated wood waste. Master of Science thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables

    Google Scholar 

  87. Solo-Gabriele H, Townsend T, Kormienko M, Stook K, Gary K, Tolaymat T (2000) Alternative chemicals and improved disposal-end management practices for CCA-treated wood. Final Technical Report #00-03. Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hahn DW, Flower WL, Hencken KR (1997) Discrete particle detection and metal emissions monitoring using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 51:1836–1844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Hahn DW (1998) Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for sizing and elemental analysis of discrete aerosol particles. Appl Phys Lett 72:2960–2962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Radziemski LJ, Cremers DA (1989) Laser-induced plasmas and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  91. de Jong TPR, Dalmijn WL (2002) X-ray transmission imaging for process optimisation of solid resources. In: Proceedings of R’02 congress, Geneva, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  92. de Mesina MB, Jong TPR, Dalmijn WL (2007) Automatic sorting of scrap metals with a combined electromagnetic and dual energy X-ray transmission sensor. Int J Miner Process 82:222–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hege E, O’Connell D, Johnson W, Basty S, Dereniak E (2003) Hyperspectral imaging for astronomy and space surveillance. Proc SPIE 5159:380–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Wood KS, Gulian AM, Fritz GG, Van Vechten D (2002) A QVD detector for focal plane hyperspectral imaging in astronomy. Bull Am Astron Soc 34:1241

    Google Scholar 

  95. Monteiro S, Minekawa Y, Kosugi Y, Akazawa T, Oda K (2007) Prediction of sweetness and amino acid content in soybean crops from hyperspectral imagery. ISPRS J Photogram Remote Sens 62(1):2–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Smail V, Fritz A, Wetzel D (2006) Chemical imaging of intact seeds with NIR focal plane array assists plant breeding. Vib Spectrosc 42(2):215–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lyon RC, Lester DS, Lewis EN, Lee E, Yu LX, Jefferson EH (2002) Near-infrared spectral imaging for quality assurance of pharmaceutical products: analysis of tablets to assess powder blend homogeneity. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 3(3):17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Rodionova O, Houmøller L, Pomerantsev A, Geladi P, Burger J, Dorofeyev V (2005) NIR spectrometry for counterfeit drug detection: a feasibility study. Anal Chim Acta 549(1–2):151–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Roggo Y, Edmond A, Chalus P, Ulmschneider M (2005) Infrared hyperspectral imaging for qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical solid forms. Anal Chim Acta 535(1–2):79–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ferris D, Lawhead R, Dickman E, Holtzapple N, Miller J, Grogan S (2001) Multimodal hyperspectral imaging for the non invasive diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. J Low Genit Tract Dis 5(2):65–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kellicut D, Weiswasser J, Arora S, Freeman J, Lew R, Shuman C (2004) Emerging technology: hyperspectral imaging. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 16(1):53–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Zheng G, Chen Y, Intes X, Chance B, Glickson JD (2004) Contrast-enhanced near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging for subsurface cancer detection. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 8(9):1106–1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Serranti S, Gargiulo A, Bonifazi G (2011) Characterization of post-consumer polyolefin wastes by hyperspectral imaging for quality control in recycling processes. Waste Manag 31:2217–2227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Serranti S, Gargiulo A, Bonifazi G (2012) Classification of polyolefins from building and construction waste using NIR hyperspectral imaging system. Resour Conserv Recycl 61:52–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Serranti S, Gargiulo A, Bonifazi G (2012) Hyperspectral imaging for process and quality control in recycling plants of polyolefin flakes. J Near Infrared Spectrosc 20:573–581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Ulrici A, Serranti S, Ferrari C, Cesare D, Foca G, Bonifazi G (2013) Efficient chemometric strategies for PET-PLA discrimination in recycling plants using hyperspectral imaging. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 122:31–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Palmieri R, Bonifazi G, Serranti S (2014) Recycling-oriented characterization of plastic frames and printed circuit boards from mobile phones by electronic and chemical imaging. Waste Manag 34:2120–2130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Serranti S, Luciani V, Bonifazi G, Hu B, Rem P (2015) An innovative recycling process to obtain pure polyethylene and polypropylene from household waste. Waste Manag 35:12–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Bonifazi G, Palmieri R, Serranti S (2017) Concrete drill core characterization finalized to optimal dismantling and aggregates recovery. Waste Manag 60:301–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. W2Plastics (2008) Collaborative Project 212782 – FP7-ENV-2007-1: magnetic sorting and ultrasound sensor technologies for production of high purity secondary polyolefins from waste

    Google Scholar 

  111. HYSPIMGLASS (2002) CRAFT Programme: CRAF-1999-71817: development of a Novel and high speed spectral imaging system to detect glass-like contaminants in the recyclable, cost-effectively increasing glass recycling and avoiding landfilling

    Google Scholar 

  112. SSOM (2008) Spectral scanner operative manual (Version 2.0). DV Optics S.r.l., Italy. http://www.dvoptic.com/index.html

  113. Geladi P, Isaksson H, Lindqvist L, Wold S, Esbensen K (1989) Principal components analysis of multivariate images. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 5(3):209–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

Books and Reviews

  • Al-Salem SM, Lettieri P, Baeyens J (2009) Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): a review. Waste Manag 29:2625–2643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beede DN, Bloom DE (1995) Economics of the generation and management of MSW. NBER working papers 5116. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Caputo AC, Pelagagge PM (2001) Waste-to-energy plant for paper industry sludges disposal: technical-economic study. J Hazard Mater 81(3):265–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cofie O, Kone D, Rothenberger S, Moser D, Zubruegg C (2009) Co-composting of faecal sludge and organic solid waste for agriculture: process dynamics. Water Res 43(18):4665–4675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Haggar S (2007) Sustainable industrial design and waste management: cradle-to-cradle for sustainable development. Academic, St. Louis, p 424

    Google Scholar 

  • Galperin V, Shapiro M (1999) Separation of solid particles in a fluidized bed air classifier. Powder Handl Process 11:2

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaustad G, Olivetti E, Kirchain R (2012) Improving aluminum recycling: a survey of sorting and impurity removal technologies. Resour Conserv Recycl 58:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gesing A, Steward C, Wolanski R, Dalton R, Berry R (2000) Scrap preparation for aluminium alloy sorting. In: Proceedings TMS fall extraction and process metallurgy meeting, Pittsburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Gesing A, Berry L, Dalton R, Wolanski R (2002) Assuring continued recyclability of automotive aluminium alloys: grouping of wrought alloys by color, X-ray absorption and chemical composition-based sorting. In: Proceedings annual meeting on automotive alloys and aluminium sheet and plate rolling and finishing technology, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  • Gundupalli SP, Hait S, Thakur A (2017) A review on automated sorting of source-separated municipal solid waste for recycling. Waste Manag 60:56–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosokawa Micron Group (2011) http://www.hmicronpowder.com/application/classification

  • Huth-Fehre T, van den Broek W (1995) NIR-Remote sensing and artificial neural networks for rapid identification of post consumer plastics. J Mol Struct 348:143–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson JE (2007) Plastics – the compelling facts and figures. In: 6th IdentiPlast Biennial conference on the recycling and recovery of plastics, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunii D, Levenspiel O (1991) Fluidization engineering, 2nd edn. Boston: Butterworth-Heinmann, p 233

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marques GA, Tenorio JAS (2000) Use of froth flotation to separate PVC/PET mixtures. Waste Manag 20:265–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Méndez A, Fidalgo JM, Guerrero F, Gascó G (2009) Characterization and pyrolysis behaviour of different paper mill waste materials. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 86(1):66–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oshitani J, Kiyoshima K, Tanaka Z (2003) Continuous dry material separation from automobile shredder residue. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 29:8–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascoe RD (2005) The use of selective depressants for the separation of ABS and HIPS by froth flotation. Miner Eng 18:233–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragaert K, Delva L, Van Geem K (2017) Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste. Waste Manag 69:24–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekito T, Matsuto T, Tanaka N (2006a) Application of a gas-solid fluidized bed separator for shredded municipal bulky solid waste separation. Waste Manag 26:1422–1429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekito T, Tanaka N, Matsuto T (2006b) Batch separation of shredded bulky waste by gas-solid fluidized bed at laboratory scale. Waste Manag 26:1246–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh N, Hu D, Singh R, Ahuja IPS, Feo L, Fraternali F (2017) Recycling of plastic solid waste: a state of art review and future applications. Compos Part B 115:409–422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda J (2004) Magnetic techniques for the treatment of materials. Kluwer, New York, p 656. http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/book/978-1-4020-2038-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Nieuwenhuijzen A, Van der Graaf J (2010) Handbook on particle separation processes. IWA, London, p 400

    Google Scholar 

  • Worrell E, Reuter M (2014) Handbook of recycling state-of-the-art for practitioners, analysts, and scientists. eBook ISBN: 9780123965066 Hardcover ISBN: 9780123964595, Elsevier, 1st edn, 600 pp

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2007) Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for pulp and paper mills. Draft technical document. Environment and Social Development Department, International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida M, Oshitani J, Kaname K, Gotoh K (2006) Fluidized bed medium separation (FBMS) of Cl-containing plastics in home electric appliance shredder residue. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 32:115–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Bonifazi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Bonifazi, G., Serranti, S. (2019). Recycling Technologies. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_116-4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_116-4

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2493-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2493-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Recycling Technologies
    Published:
    28 January 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_116-4

  2. Original

    Recycling Technologies
    Published:
    05 April 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_116-3