Zusammenfassung
Neuroradiologische Untersuchungen umfassen die Untersuchungen von Schädel, Wirbelsäule, Hirn und Rückenmark mittels Röntgennativbildern, Computertomografie (CT), Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT), Angiografie und Myelografie. Die klassischen Röntgennativuntersuchungen von Schädel und Wirbelsäule sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch die modernen Schnittbildverfahren verdrängt worden, liefern aber bei bestimmten Fragestellungen noch ergänzende Informationen. Die Schnittbildverfahren Computertomografie und Magnetresonanztomografie sind heute die diagnostischen Säulen bei neuroradiologischen Fragestellungen, wobei die MRT auch funktionelle Informationen liefern kann. In der Neurobildgebung werden zunehmend Hochfeld-Scanner bei 3 Tesla Feldstärke eingesetzt, die bei schnellerer Messzeit eine höhere Auflösung morphologischer und funktioneller MR-Untersuchungen ermöglichen. Während die Anzahl der diagnostischen Angiografien durch nichtinvasive Verfahren der Gefäßdarstellung wie die CT- und MR-Angiografie weiter zurückging, nehmen die interventionellen Verfahren nicht zuletzt durch die Thrombektomie beim Schlaganfall und den Einsatz neuer Stents und Embolisationsmaterialien zu. Durch die kernspintomografische Diagnostik des Spinalkanals verringerte sich die Anzahl der Myelografien deutlich. Wenn jedoch die Weite des Spinalkanals auch unter funktionellen Bedingungen bedeutsam ist, hat die Myelografie immer noch ihren Platz.
Literatur
Allmendinger AM, Tang ER, Lui YW, Spektor V (2012) Imaging of stroke: part 1. Perfusion CT – overview of imaging technique, interpretation pearls, and common pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:52–62
Amyot F, Arciniegas DB, Brazaitis MP, Curley KC, Diaz-Arrastia R, Gandjbakhche A, Herscovitch P, Hinds SR 2nd, Manley GT, Pacifico A, Razumovsky A, Riley J, Salzer W, Shih R, Smirniotopoulos JG, Stocker DA (2015) Review of the effectiveness of neuroimaging modalities for the detection of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 32:1693–1721
Barnes PD, Taylor GA (1998) Imaging of the neonatal central nervous system. Neurosurg Clin N Am 9:17–47
Buchbinder BR (2016) Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Handb Clin Neurol 135:61–92
Buchbinder BR, Cosgrove GR (1998) Cortical activation MR studies in brain disorders. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 6:67–93
Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ et al (2015) Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 372:1009–1018
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (2013) Appropriateness of CT imaging to support the diagnosis of stroke: a review of the clinical evidence [Internet]. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa
Currie S, Hoggard N, Craven IJ, Hadjivassiliou M, Wilkinson ID (2013) Understanding MRI: basic MR physics for physicians. Postgrad Med J 89:209–223
Doppman JL, Krudy AG, Miller DL, Oldfield E, Di Chiro G (1983) Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography of spinal arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 4:1081–1085
Eilaghi A, Yeung T, d'Esterre C, Bauman G, Yartsev S, Easaw J, Fainardi E, Lee TY, Frayne R (2016) Quantitative perfusion and permeability biomarkers in brain cancer from tomographic CT and MR images. Biomark Cancer 8(Suppl 2):47–59
Gafson A, Giovannoni G, Hawkes CH (2012) The diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: from Charcot to McDonald. Mult Scler Relat Disord 1:9–14
Haddar D, Haacke E, Sehgal V, Delproposto Z, Salamon G, Seror O, Sellier N (2004) Susceptibility weighted imaging. Theory and applications. J Radiol 85:1901–1908
Hakky M, Pandey S, Kwak E, Jara H, Erbay SH (2013) Application of basic physics principles to clinical neuroradiology: differentiating artifacts from true pathology on MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 201:369–377
Hong CS, Peterson EC, Ding D et al (2016) Intervention for A randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA) – eligible patients: an evidence-based review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 150:133–138
Jahng GH, Li KL, Ostergaard L, Calamante F (2014) Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive update on principles and techniques. Korean J Radiol 15:554–577
Josey L, Curley M, Jafari Mousavi F, Taylor BV, Lucas R, Coulthard A (2012) Imaging and diagnostic criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: are we there yet? J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 56:588–593
Keller SS, Roberts N (2008) Voxel-based morphometry of temporal lobe epilepsy: an introduction and review of the literature. Epilepsia 49:741–757
Khanna N, Altmeyer W, Zhuo J, Steven A (2015) Functional neuroimaging: fundamental principles and clinical applications. Neuroradiol J 28:87–96
Kini LG, Gee JC, Litt B (2016) Computational analysis in epilepsy neuroimaging: a survey of features and methods. Neuroimage Clin 11:515–529
Leffers AM, Wagner A (2000) Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography. A retrospective study of complication rate and patient risk factors. Acta Radiol 41:204–210
Lewine JD, Orrison WW Jr (1995) Magnetic source imaging: basic principles and applications in neuroradiology. Acad Radiol 2:436–440
Liu C, Li W, Tong KA, Yeom KW, Kuzminski S (2015) Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62302-8
Martin P, Bender B, Focke NK (2015) Post-processing of structural MRI for individualized diagnostics. Quant Imaging Med Surg 5:188–203
McLellan AM, Daniel S, Corcuera-Solano I, Joshi V, Tanenbaum LN (2014) Optimized imaging of the postoperative spine. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 24:349–364
Medvid R, Ruiz A, Komotar RJ, Jagid JR, Ivan ME, Quencer RM, Desai MB (2015) Current applications of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of brain neoplasms and epilepsy: a radiologic and neurosurgical overview. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:1998–2006
Milo R, Miller A (2014) Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 13:518–524
Mohammed W, Xunning H, Haibin S, Jingzhi M (2013) Clinical applications of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting and grading intracranial gliomas: a review. Cancer Imaging 13:186–195
Orru’ E, Sorte DE, Gregg L, Wolinsky JP, Jallo GI, Bydon A, Tamargo RJ, Gailloud P (2016) Intraoperative spinal digital subtraction angiography: indications, technique, safety, and clinical impact. J Neurointerv Surg 9:601
Rapalino O, Ratai EM (2016) Multiparametric imaging analysis: magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 24:671–686
Rogosnitzky M, Branch S (2016) Gadolinium-based contrast agent toxicity: a review of known and proposed mechanisms. Biometals 29:365–376
Runge VM (2016) Safety of the gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, focusing in part on their accumulation in the brain and especially the dentate nucleus. Investig Radiol 51:273–279
Stojanov D, Aracki-Trenkic A, Benedeto-Stojanov D (2016) Gadolinium deposition within the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after repeated administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents-current status. Neuroradiology 58:433–441
Wang Q, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wu C, Zhu W, Li F, Chen X, Xu B (2016) The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in differentiating high-from low-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 26:2670–2684
Yeates A, Drayer B, Heinz ER, Osborne D (1985) Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the spinal cord. Radiology 15:387–390
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Dörfler, A., Forsting, M. (2018). Diagnostische Neuroradiologie. In: Berlit, P. (eds) Klinische Neurologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44768-0_23-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44768-0_23-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44768-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44768-0
eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin