Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Klinische Neurologie pp 1–15Cite as

Funktionelle Bildgebung in der neurologischen Diagnostik

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 423 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Funktionelle Bildgebung ist die in-vivo-bildliche Darstellung von Hirnaktivität. Die direkten Methoden wie Elektroenzephalografie (EEG) und Magnetenzephalografie (MEG) messen die elektrischen bzw. magnetischen Feldänderungen, die durch simultane Entladungen von Gruppen von Neuronen hervorgerufen werden. Die indirekten Methoden, wie funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) und Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) messen die regionalen Änderungen im Blutfluss als Maß für die neuronale Aktivität. Gemeinsam haben die direkten und indirekten Methoden, dass Änderungen der Hirnaktivität unter experimentellen Bedingungen mit einem Ausgangswert verglichen werden und so die lokale Beteiligung von einem oder mehreren Hirnarealen an einer Aufgabe nachgewiesen werden kann. Die gemessenen Änderungen werden zur Lokalisation auf anatomische Aufnahmen (in der Regel dreidimensionale kernspintomografische Aufnahmen) des Gehirns projiziert. Die ersten indirekten Methoden wurden mit PET gemacht, aber wegen der größeren Zugänglichkeit des MRT, der fehlenden Strahlenbelastung und der geringeren Kosten wird zurzeit für fast alle Studien das fMRT genutzt. MEG und EEG haben v. a. einen Vorteil in der hohen zeitlichen Auflösung, die mit dem fMRT als indirekte Methode wohl nie erreicht werden kann. Das MRT hat aber den großen Vorteil, dass Aktivierungen anatomisch genau zugeordnet werden können. Zusätzlich können mit der voxelbasierten Morphometrie (VBM) lokale anatomische Unterschiede gemessen werden, mit dem Diffusion-Tensor Imaging (DTI) wird der Faserverlauf in der weißen Substanz untersucht. Allerdings werden diese zwei Methoden aufgrund der individuellen Unterschiede der Hirnanatomie in der Regel nur in Gruppenstudien angewandt, nur in Ausnahme bei individuellen Patienten. Diese zwei anatomischen Methoden werden aber auch zu der funktionellen Bildgebung gerechnet, weil sie die gleichen Fragen beantworten können.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Literatur

  • Andres FG, Gerloff C (1999) Coherence of sequential movements and motor learning. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(6):520–527

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azari NP, Nickel J, Wunderlich G, Niedeggen M, Hefter H, Tellmann L et al (2001) Neural correlates of religious experience. Eur J Neurosci 13(8):1649–1652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JT, Donoghue JP, Sanes JN (1999) Gaze direction modulates finger movement activation patterns in human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 19(22):10044–10052

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner T, Fischbacher U, Feierabend A, Lutz K, Fehr E (2009) The neural circuitry of a broken promise. Neuron 64(5):756–770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beauregard M, Paquette V (2006) Neural correlates of a mystical experience in Carmelite nuns. Neurosci Lett 405(3):186–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beume LA, Kaller CP, Hoeren M, Kloppel S, Kuemmerer D, Glauche V et al (2015) Processing of bilateral versus unilateral conditions: evidence for the functional contribution of the ventral attention network. Cortex 66:91–102

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binkofski F, Buxbaum LJ (2013) Two action systems in the human brain. Brain Lang 127(2):222–229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booth JN, Koren SA, Persinger MA (2005) Increased feelings of the sensed presence and increased geomagnetic activity at the time of the experience during exposures to transcerebral weak complex magnetic fields. Int J Neurosci 115(7):1053–1079

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bornhovd K, Quante M, Glauche V, Bromm B, Weiller C, Buchel C (2002) Painful stimuli evoke different stimulus-response functions in the amygdala, prefrontal, insula and somatosensory cortex: a single-trial fMRI study. Brain 125(Pt 6):1326–1336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchel C, Price C, Frackowiak RS, Friston K (1998) Different activation patterns in the visual cortex of late and congenitally blind subjects. Brain 121(Pt 3):409–419

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchel C, Coull JT, Friston KJ (1999) The predictive value of changes in effective connectivity for human learning. Science 283(5407):1538–1541

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchel C, Bornhovd K, Quante M, Glauche V, Bromm B, Weiller C (2002) Dissociable neural responses related to pain intensity, stimulus intensity, and stimulus awareness within the anterior cingulate cortex: a parametric single-trial laser functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosci 22(3):970–976

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buhmann C, Glauche V, Sturenburg HJ, Oechsner M, Weiller C, Buchel C (2003) Pharmacologically modulated fMRI – cortical responsiveness to levodopa in drug-naive hemiparkinsonian patients. Brain 126(Pt 2):451–461

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dettmers C, Liepert J, Adler T, Rzanny R, Rijntjes M, van Schayck R et al (1999) Abnormal motor cortex organization contralateral to early upper limb amputation in humans. Neurosci Lett 263(1):41–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Draganski B, Gaser C, Busch V, Schuierer G, Bogdahn U, May A (2004) Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature 427(6972):311–312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffau H (2015) Stimulation mapping of white matter tracts to study brain functional connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:255–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Egger K, Yang S, Reisert M, Kaller C, Mader I, Beume L et al (2015) Tractography of association fibers associated with language processing. Clin Neuroradiol 25(Suppl 2):231–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eippert F, Bingel U, Schoell ED, Yacubian J, Klinger R, Lorenz J et al (2009) Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia. Neuron 63(4):533–543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feydy A, Carlier R, Roby-Brami A, Bussel B, Cazalis F, Pierot L et al (2002) Longitudinal study of motor recovery after stroke: recruitment and focusing of brain activation. Stroke 33(6):1610–1617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fink GR, Frackowiak RS, Pietrzyk U, Passingham RE (1997) Multiple nonprimary motor areas in the human cortex. J Neurophysiol 77(4):2164–2174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ, Price CJ (2001) Dynamic representations and generative models of brain function. Brain Res Bull 54(3):275–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fullam RS, McKie S, Dolan MC (2009) Psychopathic traits and deception: functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Br J Psychiatry 194(3):229–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greene JD, Nystrom LE, Engell AD, Darley JM, Cohen JD (2004) The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron 44(2):389–400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haxby JV, Gobbini MI, Furey ML, Ishai A, Schouten JL, Pietrini P (2001) Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science 293(5539):2425–2430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss WD, Kessler J, Thiel A, Ghaemi M, Karbe H (1999) Differential capacity of left and right hemispheric areas for compensation of poststroke aphasia. Ann Neurol 45(4):430–438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings JM, McIntosh AR, Kapur S, Tulving E, Houle S (1997) Cognitive subtractions may not add up: the interaction between semantic processing and response mode. Neuroimage 5(3):229–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juptner M, Weiller C (1995) Review: does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow refelct synaptic activity? Implications for PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 2:148–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapogiannis D, Barbey AK, Su M, Zamboni G, Krueger F, Grafman J (2009) Cognitive and neural foundations of religious belief. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(12):4876–4881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler J, Thiel A, Karbe H, Heiss WD (2000) Piracetam improves activated blood flow and facilitates rehabilitation of poststroke aphasic patients. Stroke 31(9):2112–2116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kümmerer D, Hartwigsen G, Kellmeyer P, Glauche V, Mader I, Kloppel S et al (2013) Damage to ventral and dorsal language pathways in acute aphasia. Brain 136(2):619–629

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Langleben DD, Loughead JW, Bilker WB, Ruparel K, Childress AR, Busch SI et al (2005) Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 26(4):262–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lederbogen F, Kirsch P, Haddad L, Streit F, Tost H, Schuch P et al (2011) City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans. Nature 474(7352):498–501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liepert J, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP (1995) Changes of cortical motor area size during immobilization. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 97(6):382–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liepert J, Classen J, Cohen LG, Hallett M (1998) Task-dependent changes of intracortical inhibition. Exp Brain Res 118(3):421–426

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Gao JH, Liotti M, Pu Y, Fox PT (1999) Temporal dissociation of parallel processing in the human subcortical outputs. Nature 400(6742):364–367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacSweeney M, Woll B, Campbell R, McGuire PK, David AS, Williams SC et al (2002) Neural systems underlying British Sign Language and audio-visual English processing in native users. Brain 125(Pt 7):1583–1593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire EA, Gadian DG, Johnsrude IS, Good CD, Ashburner J, Frackowiak RS et al (2000) Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(8):4398–4403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maquet P, Laureys S, Peigneux P, Fuchs S, Petiau C, Phillips C et al (2000) Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep. Nat Neurosci 3(8):831–836

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin M, Beume L, Kummerer D, Schmidt CS, Bormann T, Dressing A et al (2016) Differential roles of ventral and dorsal streams for conceptual and production-related components of tool use in acute stroke patients. Cereb Cortex 26(9):3754–3771

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merzenich MM, Nelson RJ, Stryker MP, Cynader MS, Schoppmann A, Zook JM (1984) Somatosensory cortical map changes following digit amputation in adult monkeys. J Comp Neurol 224(4):591–605

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Musso M, Weiller C, Kiebel S, Muller SP, Bulau P, Rijntjes M (1999) Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. Brain 122(Pt 9):1781–1790

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen AM, Coleman MR, Boly M, Davis MH, Laureys S, Pickard JD (2006) Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science 313(5792):1402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pariente J, Loubinoux I, Carel C, Albucher JF, Leger A, Manelfe C et al (2001) Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke. Ann Neurol 50(6):718–729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual-Leone A, Torres F (1993) Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers. Brain 116(Pt 1):39–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price CJ, Friston KJ (1997) Cognitive conjunction: a new approach to brain activation experiments. Neuroimage 5(4 Pt 1):261–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisert M, Kiselev VG (2011) Fiber continuity: an anisotropic prior for ODF estimation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 30(6):1274–1283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijntjes M (2006) Mechanisms of recovery in stroke patients with hemiparesis or aphasia: new insights, old questions and the meaning of therapies. Curr Opin Neurol 19(1):76–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijntjes M, Tegenthoff M, Liepert J, Leonhardt G, Kotterba S, Muller S et al (1997) Cortical reorganization in patients with facial palsy. Ann Neurol 41(5):621–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijntjes M, Dettmers C, Buchel C, Kiebel S, Frackowiak RS, Weiller C (1999) A blueprint for movement: functional and anatomical representations in the human motor system. J Neurosci 19(18):8043–8048

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijntjes M, Hamzei F, Glauche V, Saur D, Weiller C (2011) Activation changes in sensorimotor cortex during improvement due to CIMT in chronic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 29(5):299–310

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rijntjes M, Weiller C, Bormann T, Musso M (2012) The dual loop model: its relation to language and other modalities. Front Evol Neurosci 4:9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rocca MA, Falini A, Colombo B, Scotti G, Comi G, Filippi M (2002) Adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with nondisabling multiple sclerosis correlate with the extent of brain structural damage. Ann Neurol 51(3):330–339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rocca MA, Pagani E, Ghezzi A, Falini A, Zaffaroni M, Colombo B et al (2003) Functional cortical changes in patients with multiple sclerosis and nonspecific findings on conventional magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain. Neuroimage 19(3):826–836

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakreida K, Effnert I, Thill S, Menz MM, Jirak D, Eickhoff CR et al (2016) Affordance processing in segregated parieto-frontal dorsal stream sub-pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 69:89–112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saur D, Lange R, Baumgaertner A, Schraknepper V, Willmes K, Rijntjes M et al (2006) Dynamics of language reorganization after stroke. Brain 129(Pt 6):1371–1384

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saur D, Kreher BW, Schnell S, Kummerer D, Kellmeyer P, Vry MS et al (2008) Ventral and dorsal pathways for language. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(46):18035–18040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Silva JA (2009) Forensic psychiatry, neuroscience, and the law. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 37(4):489–502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan KM, Fink GR, Passingham RE, Silbersweig D, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Frith CD et al (1995) Functional anatomy of the mental representation of upper extremity movements in healthy subjects. J Neurophysiol 73(1):373–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taub E, Uswatte G, Pidikiti R (1999) Constraint-induced movement therapy: a new family of techniques with broad application to physical rehabilitation – a clinical review. J Rehabil Res Dev 36(3):237–251

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Umarova RM, Nitschke K, Kaller CP, Kloppel S, Beume L, Mader I et al (2016) Predictors and signatures of recovery from neglect in acute stroke. Ann Neurol 79(4):673–686

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vry MS, Tritschler LC, Hamzei F, Rijntjes M, Kaller CP, Hoeren M et al (2015) The ventral fiber pathway for pantomime of object use. Neuroimage 106:252–263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotzky LS (1934) Thought and language. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Warburton E, Price CJ, Swinburn K, Wise RJ (1999) Mechanisms of recovery from aphasia: evidence from positron emission tomography studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 66(2):155–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson JD, Myers R, Frackowiak RS, Hajnal JV, Woods RP, Mazziotta JC et al (1993) Area V5 of the human brain: evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex 3(2):79–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiller C, Rijntjes M (1999) Cluster headache: phrenology revisited? Nat Med 5(7):732–733

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiller C, Chollet F, Friston KJ, Wise RJ, Frackowiak RS (1992) Functional reorganization of the brain in recovery from striatocapsular infarction in man. Ann Neurol 31(5):463–472

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiller C, Ramsay SC, Wise RJ, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RS (1993) Individual patterns of functional reorganization in the human cerebral cortex after capsular infarction. Ann Neurol 33(2):181–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiller C, Isensee C, Rijntjes M, Huber W, Muller S, Bier D et al (1995a) Recovery from Wernicke’s aphasia: a positron emission tomografic study. Ann Neurol 37(6):723–732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiller C, May A, Limmroth V, Juptner M, Kaube H, Schayck RV et al (1995b) Brain stem activation in spontaneous human migraine attacks. Nat Med 1(7):658–660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wise R, Chollet F, Hadar U, Friston K, Hoffner E, Frackowiak R (1991) Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. Brain 114(Pt 4):1803–1817

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf SL, Winstein CJ, Miller JP, Taub E, Uswatte G, Morris D et al (2006) Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: the EXCITE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 296(17):2095–2104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young L, Cushman F, Hauser M, Saxe R (2007) The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(20):8235–8240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zink CF, Tong Y, Chen Q, Bassett DS, Stein JL, Meyer-Lindenberg A (2008) Know your place: neural processing of social hierarchy in humans. Neuron 58(2):273–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Michel Rijntjes & Cornelius Weiller

Authors
  1. Michel Rijntjes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cornelius Weiller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michel Rijntjes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Essen, Germany

    Peter Berlit

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Rijntjes, M., Weiller, C. (2018). Funktionelle Bildgebung in der neurologischen Diagnostik. In: Berlit, P. (eds) Klinische Neurologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44768-0_25-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44768-0_25-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44768-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44768-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation