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Population Neuroscience

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Book cover Mental Health and Illness of Children and Adolescents

Part of the book series: Mental Health and Illness Worldwide ((MHIW))

Abstract

Population neuroscience is an emerging field of research defined by the intersection of neuroscience with epidemiology. In this chapter, we review large-scale developmental studies conducted in clinical, longitudinal high risk, and typically developing cohorts with neuroimaging. We point out the advantages offered by developmental and neuroimaging research when conducted in epidemiological settings such as better control for confounding and the possibility to enhance generalizability. We discuss the advances in the field that we attribute to population neuroscience approach, for example, the evidence for the maturational delay in ADHD and for the early onset of autistic brain changes preceding symptoms. Current population neuroimaging studies begin to explain the role of a more complex environment such as poverty and abuse, child behavior itself, genes, and their interplay in shaping the structure and function of the human brain. We conclude that the question of how different environmental and genetic factors shape the brain and how the brain predicts child psychiatric behavior can only be addressed in large population-based studies with repeated imaging and behavior assessments using a population neuroscience approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Henning Tiemeier

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands

    Ryan Muetzel

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  1. Henning Tiemeier
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Correspondence to Henning Tiemeier .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. King’s College London, London, UK

    Eric Taylor

  2. Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    F. C. Verhulst

  3. National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    John Wong

  4. Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

    Keiko Yoshida

  5. King's College London, London, UK

    Anula Nikapota

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  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    F Verhulst

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Tiemeier, H., Muetzel, R. (2020). Population Neuroscience. In: Taylor, E., Verhulst, F., Wong, J., Yoshida, K., Nikapota, A. (eds) Mental Health and Illness of Children and Adolescents. Mental Health and Illness Worldwide. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0753-8_12-1

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