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Secondary Metabolites of Various Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus/Rupr. et Maxim./Maxim) Organs Derived from Plants Obtained by Somatic Embryogenesis

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Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Eleuthero is a thorny shrub native to Far East Asia, where for centuries it has been used as a medicinal plant. Due to strong adaptogenic activity, it has recently received considerable attention from both consumers and scientists. Although eleuthero is a rare, and in certain countries protected, species, its raw materials, i.e., underground organs, are still exclusively collected from natural sites. Thus, introduction into cultivation gives the chance for its survival in natural habitat. Note that eleuthero is characterized by a relatively low reproductive capacity; both generative and simple vegetative propagations are ineffective. The most efficient method to increase the reproductive potential of this plant on the purpose of its cultivation is application of in vitro techniques. In the case of eleuthero, the phenomenon of direct somatic embryogenesis is observed. The most effective explants for establishing the formation of somatic embryos are apical buds and hypocotyl fragments of plantlets obtained from extremely immature zygotic embryos that were isolated from seeds. In such cases, somatic embryos are directly formed on the explant tissues without the callus phase. Plants that are obtained from somatic embryos adapt relatively well to ex vitro conditions. In subsequent years of cultivation (4-year cycle), they can be an effective source of biologically active compounds, such as eleutherosides B and E, which have been used to standardize the raw material. The content of eleutherosides and other active compounds, such as phenolic acids, changes with the age of plants and depends on developmental phase of the plant, as well as on the plant organs (rhizomes, roots, shoots, or bark of these organs). The anatomical studies of plant tissues indicate that these compounds accumulate in the form of heterogeneous secretion in schizogenous reservoirs as well as in the vacuoles of epithelial and parenchymal cells of the secondary phloem.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-Benzyladenine (cytokinin)

DW:

Dry weight

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

ESCOP:

European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy

hLf:

Human lactoferrin

HMPs:

Herbal medicinal products

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

LTB:

Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

MS/B5:

Murashige and Skoog/Gamborg 5B medium

NAA:

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (auxin)

PgSS1:

Panax ginseng squalene synthase gene

TCM:

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Tr.:

Trace amount

WHO:

World Health Organization

WR:

Without growth regulators

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, grant no. N N310 312834

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of New Herbal Products, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland

    Katarzyna Bączek, Anna Pawełczak, Jarosław L. Przybył, Olga Kosakowska & Zenon Węglarz

Authors
  1. Katarzyna Bączek
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  2. Anna Pawełczak
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  3. Jarosław L. Przybył
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  4. Olga Kosakowska
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  5. Zenon Węglarz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zenon Węglarz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, M.L.Sukhadia university, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Halina Maria Ekiert

  3. Amarillo, TX, USA

    Shaily Goyal

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Bączek, K., Pawełczak, A., Przybył, J.L., Kosakowska, O., Węglarz, Z. (2019). Secondary Metabolites of Various Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus/Rupr. et Maxim./Maxim) Organs Derived from Plants Obtained by Somatic Embryogenesis. In: Ramawat, K., Ekiert, H., Goyal, S. (eds) Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11253-0_27-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11253-0_27-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11253-0

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