Definition
Earth Rotation, Excitation, Tidal. Temporal variations in the magnitude and orientation of the angular velocity vector of the solid Earth caused by tidal processes occurring in the mantle and crust, ocean, and atmosphere.
Introduction
Tidal forces arise when the gravitational pull of one body (A) on a second body (B) is appreciably greater on the nearer part of B than on its center. Equally, A’s pull on B’s center exceeds the gravitational attraction felt by the most distant part of B. For Earth, the tidal forces exerted by the Moon and Sun set the ocean into motion and cause periodic deformations of the solid crust and mantle. As these compartments of the planet are deformed, the associated changes in gravitational attraction modulate the initial tidal force. The resulting tides of the solid Earth have magnitudes of several tens of centimeters, whereas basin geometry and other effects (e.g., resonance) result in oceanic tides greater than 1 m in many places (Fig. 1). There...
References and Reading
Agnew DC, Farrell WE (1978) Self-consistent equilibrium ocean tides. Geophys J Int 55: 171–181
Chao BF, Merriam JB, Tamura Y (1995) Geophysical analysis of zonal tidal signals in length of day. Geophys J Int 122: 765–775
Desai SD, Sibois AE (2016) Evaluating predicted diurnal and semidiurnal tidal variations in polar motion with GPS-based observations. J Geophys Res–Sol Ea 121:5237–5256
Gross RS (2015) Earth Rotation Variations – Long Period. In: Schubert G (ed) Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd edition 3: 215–261
Jeffreys H (1928) Possible tidal effects on accurate time keeping. Mon Not R Astrom Soc 2: 56–58
Latychev K, Mitrovica JX, Ishii M, Chan N-H, Davis JL (2009) Body tides on a 3-D elastic earth: Toward a tidal tomography. Earth Planet Sci Lett 277: 86–90
Lau HCP, Faul U, Mitrovica JX, Al-Attar D, Tromp J, Garapić G (2017) Anelasticity across seismic to tidal timescales: a self-consistent approach. Geophys J Int 208: 368–384
Munk WH, MacDonald GJF (1960) The Rotation of the Earth. Cambridge University Press, London
Petit G, Luzum B (2010) IERS Conventions 2010. IERS Tech Note no 36. Verlag des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt am Main
Platzman GW, Curtis GA, Hansen KS, Slater RD (1981) Normal modes of the world ocean. Part II: Description of modes in the period range 8 to 80 hours. J Phys Oceanogr 11: 579–603
Ray RD, Egbert GD (2012) Fortnightly Earth rotation, ocean tides and mantle anelasticity. Geophys J Int 189: 400–413
Ray RD, Erofeeva SY (2014) Long-period tidal variations in the length of day. J Geophys Res–Sol Ea 119: 1498–1509
Schindelegger M, Einšpigel D, Salstein DA, Mayerhofer C (2017) Diurnal atmosphere-ocean signals in Earth’s rotation rate and a possible modulation through ENSO. Geophys Res Lett 44: 2755–2762
Yoder CF, Williams JG, Parke ME (1981) Tidal variations of Earth rotation. J Geophys Res 86: 881–891
Sasao T, Wahr JM (1981) An excitation mechanism for the free ‘core nutation’. Geophys J Int 64: 729–746
Wahr JM, Bergen Z (1986) The effects of mantle anelasticity on nutations, Earth tides, and tidal variations in rotation rate. Geophys J R Astron Soc 87: 633–668
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Schindelegger, M. (2023). Earth Rotation, Excitation, Tidal. In: Sideris, M.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geodesy. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_101-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_101-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02370-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02370-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences