Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Encyclopedia of Geodesy pp 1–5Cite as

Precise Point Positioning (PPP)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

Definition

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a method that performs precise position determination using a single global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. PPP has several characteristics that distinguish it from other positioning techniques. First, PPP does not require base stations with known coordinates or differencing of GNSS observations between receivers. This makes it different from the real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning method which requires access to observations from one or more base stations. Second, PPP uses carrier phase observations as the principal observable for position determination, capable of providing very high positioning accuracy. This makes it different from the standard point positioning (SPP) method which uses only code or phase-smoothed code observations as the principal observable for position determination. Third, PPP needs accurate satellite...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References and Reading

  • Bisnath, S., and Gao, Y., 2009. Precise point positioning: a powerful technique with a promising future. GPS World, 20(4), 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai, C., and Gao, Y., 2007. Precise point positioning using combined GPS and GLONASS observations. Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 6(1), 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K., and Gao, Y., 2005. Real-time precise point positioning using single-frequency data. In Proceedings of ION GNSS-2005, Long Beach, CA, September 13–16, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P., 2008. Isolating and estimating undifferenced GPS integer ambiguities. IN Proceedings of the ION NTM 2008, San Diego, CA, January 28–30, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabor, M. J., and Nerem, R. S., 2002. Satellite-satellite single-difference phase bias calibration as applied to ambiguity resolution. Navigation, 49(4), 223, US Institute of Navigation.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., 2006. Precise point positioning and its challenges, Inside GNSS Magazine. November/December 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., and Shen, X., 2001. Improving convergence speed of carrier phase based precise point positioning. In Proceedings of ION GPS-2001, Salt Lack City, September 12–14, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Y., Zhang, W. and Li, Y., 2015. A new method for real-time precise point positioning, IAG Symposia, 26th IUGG General Assembly, Prague, Czech Republic, June 22-July 2, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge, M., Gendt, G., Rothacher, M., Shi, C., and Liu, J., 2008. Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. Journal of Geodesy, 82(7), 389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng, J., and Bock, Y., 2013. Triple-frequency GPS precise point positioning with rapid ambiguity resolution. Journal of Geodesy, 87(5), 449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haase, J., Ge, M., Vedel, H., and Calais, E., 2003. Accuracy and variability of GPS tropospheric delay measurements of water vapour in the western mediterranean. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 42(11), 1547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouba, J., and Héroux, P., 2001. Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solutions, 5(2), 12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurichesse D., Mercier, F., Berthias, J., and Bijac, J., 2008. Real time zero-difference ambiguities blocking and absolute RTK. In Proceedings of the ION NTM 2008, San Diego, CA, Januray 28–30, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le, A., and Tiberius, C., 2006. Single-frequency precise point positioning with optimal filtering. GPS Solutions, 11(1), 61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M., Qu, L., Zhao, Q., Guo, J., Su, X., and Li, X., 2014. Precise point positioning with the BeiDou navigation satellite system, Sensors, 14, doi:10.3390/s140100927.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, D. D., and Petit, G., 2004. IERS conventions 2003, IERS technical note 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muellerschoen, R. J., Bar-Sever, Y. E., Bertiger, W. I., and Stowers, D. A., 2001. NASA’s global DGPS for high precision users. GPS World, 12(1), 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, J., and Senior, K., 2003. IGS/BIPM pilot project: GPS carrier phase for time/frequency transfer and timescale formation. Metrologia, 40(3), S270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, J., and Gao, Y., 2013. A comparison of three PPP integer ambiguity resolution methods. GPS Solutions, doi:10.1007/s10291-013-0348-2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen, P. J. G., Odijk, D., and Zhang, B. C., 2010. PPP-RTK: results of CORS network-based PPP with integer ambiguity resolution. Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Series A, 42(4), 223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M., and Gao, Y., 2006. GPS un-differenced ambiguity resolution and validation. In Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS 2006, Fort Worth, TX, September 26–29, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J. T., Wu, S. C., Hajj, G. A., Bertiger, W. I., and Lichten, S. M., 1993. Effects of antenna orientation on GPS carrier phase. Manuscripta Geodetica, 18(2), 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuebbena, G., Schmitz, M., and Bagge, A., 2005. PPP-RTK: precise point positioning using state-space representation in RTK networks. In Proceedings of the ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA, September 13–16, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., and Gao, Y., 2008. Integration of un-differenced GPS and INS data for precise position and attitude determination. European Journal of Navigation, 61(1), 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zumberge, J. F., Heflin, M. B., Jefferson, D. C., Watkins, M. M., and Webb, F. H., 1997. Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(B3), 5005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geomatics Engineering, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Yang Gao

Authors
  1. Yang Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yang Gao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geodetic Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Erik Grafarend

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Gao, Y. (2015). Precise Point Positioning (PPP). In: Grafarend, E. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geodesy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_13-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_13-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02370-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation