Definition
Urachal carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor arising from urachal remnants.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Urachal carcinoma is an uncommon tumor, accounting for 0.1–0.2% of all bladder cancers. The most common type is adenocarcinoma. Urachal adenocarcinomas represent 10% of all primary adenocarcinomas of the bladder.
Age
Urachal adenocarcinoma shows age at diagnosis from 40 to 70 years, but may be seen in younger patients.
Sex
Urachal adenocarcinomas present a male-to-female ratio of 2:1–3:1.
Site
Urachal adenocarcinomas most often arise at the dome of the bladder. It may be also present in the anterior wall of the bladder or supra-vesical.
Treatment
Nonmetastatic urachal carcinoma is recommended to be treated with surgery. Cystectomy with en bloc resection with complete removal of urachal remnant and the umbilicus is associated with prolonged survival. Both partial and radical cystectomies should be considered, in an attempt to balance oncological results and quality of...
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References and Further Reading
Amin, M. B., Smith, S. C., Eble, J. N., et al. (2014). Glandular neoplasms of the urachus: A report of 55 cases emphasizing mucinous cystic tumors with proposed classification. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 38, 1033–1045.
Gopalan, A., Sharp, D. S., Fine, S. W., et al. (2009). Urachal carcinoma: A clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases with outcome correlation. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 33, 659–668.
Moch, H., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. E. (2016). WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: IARC.
Paner, G. P., Lopez-Beltran, A., Sirohi, D., & Amin, M. B. (2016). Updates in the pathologic diagnosis and classification of epithelial neoplasms of urachal origin. Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 23, 71–83.
Scheldon, C. A., Clayman, R. V., Gonzales, R., et al. (1984). Malignant urachal lesions. The Journal of Urology, 131, 1–8.
Taylor, S. A., Mehra, R., & Udager, A. M. (2018). Glandular tumors of the Urachus and urinary bladder. A practical overview of a broad differential diagnosis. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 142, 1164–1176.
Thali-Schwab, C. M., Woodward, P. J., & Wagner, B. J. (2005). Computed tomographic appearance of urachal adenocarcinomas: Review of 25 cases. European Radiology, 15, 79–84.
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Henriques, V., Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2019). Urachal Carcinoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4965-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4965-1
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