Synonyms
Definition
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary tract is a malignant neoplasm of the urothelium with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Clinical Features
Incidence
SCC is the most frequent neuroendocrine tumor of the urinary tract; however, it accounts for less than 1% of all malignant tumors.
Age
It is most commonly present in the seventh decade with a mean age of presentation of 66 years.
Sex
It mainly occurs in male patients.
Site
Most of the cases are located in the bladder (lateral wall, dome, and within diverticula of the bladder) and few cases have been described in the upper urinary tract.
Treatment
For primary SCC, a number of different treatment strategies and their combinations including initial chemotherapy followed by local control with cystectomy. In contrast to urothelial carcinoma, chemotherapy for SCC is typically cisplatin (or carboplatin) and etoposide.
Outcome
SCC is an aggressive disease,...
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References and Further Reading
Alanee, S., Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Murugan, P., et al. (2019). Update of the international consultation on urological diseases on bladder cancer 2018: Non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder. World Journal of Urology, 37, 107–114.
Erdem, G. U., Ozdemir, N. Y., Demira, N. S., et al. (2016). Current Medical Resarch and Open, 32, 1013–1021.
Gupta, S., Houston Thompson, R., Boorjian, S. A., et al. (2015). High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy: A series of small cell, mixed neuroendocrine and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Pathology, 47, 533–542.
Kouba, E., & Cheng, L. (2016). Neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary bladder according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification: Molecular and clinical characteristics. Endocrine Pathology, 27, 188–189.
Mazzuchelli, R., Morichetti, D., Lopez-Beltran, A., et al. (2009). Neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs: Clinical significance. BJU International, 103, 1464–1470.
Ou, W., Liang, Q., Huang, X., Li, Z., & Liu, Q. (2005). Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and review of the literature. Oncology Letters, 9, 488–490.
Paner, G. P., McKenney, J. K., Epstein, J. I., & Amin, M. B. (2008). Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in adults: Predilection for alveolar morphology with anaplasia and significant morphologic overlap with small cell carcinoma. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 32, 1022–1028.
Thota, S., Kistangari, G., Daw, H., & Spiro, T. (2013). A clinical review of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer., 11, 73–77.
Wang, X., MacLennan, G. T., Lopez-Beltran, A., & Cheng, L. (2007). Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder-histogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, biomarkers, treatment and prognosis. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, 15, 8–18.
Zhao, X., & Flynn, E. A. (2012). Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 136, 1451–1459.
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Raspollini, M.R., Cimadamore, A., Montironi, R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2020). Urinary Tract Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4974-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4974-1
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