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BRAF

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

  • 24 Accesses

Synonyms

BRAF1; RAFB1

Definition

BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) was first cloned by Sithanandam et al. in 1990. It encodes a protein belonging to the RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. BRAF protein phosphorylates MAP 2K1, and thereby activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion.

In mammalian cells, RAF family members are composed of three conserved domains – conserved regions 1, 2, and 3 (CR1, CR2, and CR3), respectively. CR1 is a RAS GTP-binding self-regulatory domain, CR2 is a serine-rich hinge region, and CR3 is a catalytic serine/threonine protein kinase domain that phosphorylates a consensus sequence on protein substrates.

BRAF gene is localized to 7q34 (genomic coordinates, GRCh38: 7: 140, 734, 486-140, 924, 732) and its transcript coding sequence is 2,301 nt...

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References and Further Reading

  • Brennan, D. F., Dar, A. C., Hertz, N. T., et al. (2011). A Raf-induced allosteric transition of KSR stimulates phosphorylation of MEK. Nature, 472, 366–369.

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  • Morrison, D. K., & Cutler, R. E. (1997). The complexity of Raf-1 regulation. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 9, 174–179.

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  • Sithanandam, G., Kolch, W., Duh, F. M., et al. (1990). Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies. Oncogene, 5(12), 1775–1780.

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  • Yao, Z., Torres, N. M., Tao, A., et al. (2015). BRAF mutants evade ERK-dependent feedback by different mechanisms that determine their sensitivity to pharmacologic inhibition. Cancer Cell, 28(3), 370–383.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, VA, Italy

    Daniela Furlan

  2. Department of Pathology, ASST Sette-Laghi, Varese, VA, Italy

    Nora Sahnane

Authors
  1. Daniela Furlan
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  2. Nora Sahnane
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Furlan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIJMEGEN, The Netherlands

    J.H.J.M. van Krieken

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Furlan, D., Sahnane, N. (2020). BRAF. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5150-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5150-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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