Definition
Achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASH1), termed mASH1 in rodents and hASH1 in humans, is a transcription factor belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix family.
Features
It plays a crucial role in neural/neuroendocrine determination and differentiation and is involved in the development of neuroendocrine cells of the thyroid, adrenal medulla, and foregut. It regulates the expression of DLL3, which encodes an inhibitor of the Notch pathway, and the expression of REST, which encodes an inhibitor of neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation. ASCL1 also drives the expression of many proto-oncogenes implicated in SCLC progression and cell survival, including MYCL1, RET, SOX2, NFIB, and BCL2. hASH1 transcripts are expressed in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas including small and large cell carcinomas of the lung, digestive NECs, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Apparently, ASH1 is not expressed in digestive well...
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References and Further Reading
Ball, D. W. (2004). Achaete-scute homolog-1 and Notch in lung neuroendocrine development and cancer. Cancer Letters, 204(2), 159–169.
La Rosa, S., Marando, A., Gatti, G., Rapa, I., Volante, M., Papotti, M., Sessa, F., & Capella, C. (2013). Achaete-scute homolog 1 as a marker of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of different sites: A validation study using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on 335 cases. Human Pathology, 44(7), 1391–1399.
Rapa, I., Ceppi, P., Bollito, E., Rosas, R., Cappia, S., Bacillo, E., Porpiglia, F., Berruti, A., Papotti, M., & Volante, M. (2008). Human ASH1 expression in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. Modern Pathology, 21(6), 700–707.
Shida, T., Furuya, M., Nikaido, T., Kishimoto, T., Koda, K., Oda, K., Nakatani, Y., Miyazaki, M., & Ishikura, H. (2005). Aberrant expression of human achaete-scute homologue gene 1 in the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. Clinical Cancer Research, 11(2 Pt 1), 450–458.
Shida, T., Furuya, M., Kishimoto, T., Nikaido, T., Tanizawa, T., Koda, K., Oda, K., Takano, S., Kimura, F., Shimizu, H., Yoshidome, H., Ohtsuka, M., Nakatani, Y., & Miyazaki, M. (2008). The expression of NeuroD and mASH1 in the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Modern Pathology, 21(11), 1363–1370.
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La Rosa, S. (2021). Achaete-Scute Homolog 1 (ASH1). In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5179-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5179-1
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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