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Amine Precursors in Depressive Disorders and the Blood-Brain Barrier

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NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy

Abstract

Depression caused by either genetic factors or environmental stimulates such as chronic psychological or physiological stress, traumatic or sports-related brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and/or substance abuse and drug dependence leads to serious neurological manifestation and affects mortality and morbidity since ages. Stress is one of the powerful stimulants to induce disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In all the above cases breakdown of the BBB occurs resulting in abnormal neuronal functions and precipitating brain pathology. Disruption of BBB could be one of the leading factors affecting thought processes and mental health leading to depression. Accordingly, depressive episodes often lead to suicide that is estimated to be around 40 k individuals per year in the USA. About 10–15% of these individuals were on antidepressant therapy at that time. These antidepressants adversely affect the BBB breakdown. Thus, although our knowledge on depression expanded in recent years, the biological mechanisms of depression and suitable treatment strategies are still obscure. In depressive episodes alterations in the metabolism of biogenic amines in the brain formed the basis of treatment with amine precursors in clinic. However, these treatments are only helping up to some extent in clinics, indicating the involvement of further agents beyond the amine mechanisms in depression. It appears that today’s view on depression is not only genetics and environmental but rather an integrative etiopathogenetic and biopsychological phenomena. In this review the potential role of amine precursors in depression is discussed in the light of recent development in relation to the new developing clinical strategies and mechanisms to treat depression.

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Acknowledgments

The authors’ research reported here are supported in part by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (EOARD, London, UK) and Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-05-1-3065; Swedish Medical Research Council (Nr 2710-HSS); Göran Gustafsson Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden (HSS); and Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (HSS/AS). We thank Suraj Sharma, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden, for computer and graphic support. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the US Government.

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  1. International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Hari Shanker Sharma & Aruna Sharma

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  1. Hari Shanker Sharma
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Correspondence to Hari Shanker Sharma .

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  1. Dept Psychiatry , Psychosomatics & Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Medical School Clinical Neurochemistry, Würzburg, Germany

    Peter Riederer

  2. Inst für Psychologische Medizin, Haag, Bayern, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Fujita Health University School Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan

    Toshiharu Nagatsu

  4. Center Translational Res Neurol Diseases, Dalian Med Uni Shanghai Inst Health Sc Center Translational Res Neurol Diseases, Dalian, China

    Weidong Le

  5. Würzburg, Bayern, Germany

    Christian Riederer

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  1. Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Univsersity of Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Peter Riederer

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Peter Riederer

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Sharma, H.S., Sharma, A. (2021). Amine Precursors in Depressive Disorders and the Blood-Brain Barrier. In: Riederer, P., Laux, G., Nagatsu, T., Le, W., Riederer, C. (eds) NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_423-1

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