Definition
Blended learning may be defined as the design of learning experiences that draw on a combination of face-face, distance, or online delivery methods, learning technologies, delivery multimedia, and pedagogical methodologies to achieve a mix of learning outcomes in educational or training contexts. Blended learning designs can support sustainable development, including the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability and protect global environmental resources to meet the needs of the present and future generations.
Introduction
The concept of blended learning has its origins in the 1960s when new options for technology-mediated education became available to complement conventional approaches to face-to-face teaching in higher education (HE) and other contexts. There are several synonyms for...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Alharthi AD, Spichkova M, Hamilton M (2018) Sustainability requirements for eLearning systems: a systematic literature review and analysis. Requirements Engineering 18(3):1–21. Available via https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00766-018-0299-9. Accessed 30 October 2018.
Adams Becker S, Cummins M, Davis A, Freeman A, Hall Giesinger C, Ananthanarayanan V (2017) NMC Horizon Report: 2017 Higher Education Edition. The New Media Consortium, Austin. Available via http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017-nmc-horizon-report-he-EN.pdf
Allen IE, Seaman J (2003) Sizing the opportunity: the quality and extent of online education in the United States, 2002 and 2003. Sloan Consortium (NJ1). Available via https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED530060.pdf
Caird S, Lane A (2013) The environmental impact of teaching and learning, OpenLearn unit. Available via http://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/the-environment/the-environmental-impact-teaching-and-learning/content-section-0
Caird S, Lane A (2015) Conceptualising the role of information and communication technologies in the design of higher education teaching models used in the UK. Br J Educ Technol 46(1) 58–70. Available via https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12123
Caird S, Roy R (2018) Sustainable higher education systems. In: Leal Filho W, Velazquez L (eds) Encyclopedia of sustainability and higher education: campus greening, design, operations and carbon impacts. Springer, Heidelberg (in review)
Caird S, Lane A, Swithenby E, Roy R, Potter S (2015a) Design of higher education teaching models and carbon impacts. Int J Sustain High Educ 16(1): 96–111. Available via https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-06-2013-0065
Caird S, Swithenby E, Lane A (2015b) The SusTEACH methodology: assessment of the environmental impacts of higher education teaching models and development of an environmental appraisal toolkit. The Open University, 63pp. Available via http://oro.open.ac.uk/42478/
Davies J (2015) An analysis of the sustainability of different methods of delivering higher education. In: Leal Filho W, Brandli L, Kuznetsova O, Paço A (eds) Integrative approaches to sustainable development at university level. World sustainability series. Springer, Cham, pp 67–79. Available via http://www.springer.com/la/book/9783319106892
Elkington J (1999) Cannibals with forks: the triple bottom line of 21st century business, New edition. Capstone, Oxford
Garrison DR, Kanuka H (2004) Blended learning: uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet High Educ 7(2):95–105
Graham CR (2012) Emerging practice and research in blended learning. In: Moore MG (ed) Handbook of distance education. Routledge, London, pp 333–350
Halverson LR, Graham CR, Spring KJ, Drysdale JS (2012) An analysis of high impact scholarship and publication trends in blended learning. Distance Educ 33(3):381–413
Harlow S (2016) The carbon-based environmental impact of learning at the University of Waikato. In: DEANZ2016: conference proceedings, 17–20 Apr. The University of Waikato, New Zealand, pp 49–53. Available via http://flanz.org.nz/flanzorg/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/DEANZ16-Conference-proceedings11-April.pdf
Jones N (2006) E-college Wales, a case study of blended learning. In: Bonk CJ, Graham CR (eds) Handbook of blended learning: global perspectives, local designs. Pfeiffer Publishing, San Francisco, pp 182–194
Kalbar PP, Birkveda M, Karmakar S, Nygaarde SE, Hauschilda M (2017) Can carbon footprint serve as proxy of the environmental burden from urban consumption patterns? Ecol Indic 74:109–118
Lane A, Caird S, Weller M (2014) The potential social, economic and environmental benefits of MOOCs: operational and historical comparisons with a massive ‘closed online’ course. Open Praxis 6(2):115–123
López-Pérez MV, Pérez-López MC, Rodríguez-Ariza L (2011) Blended learning in higher education: students’ perceptions and their relation to outcomes. Comput Edu 56(3):818–826
Norberg A, Dziuban CD, Moskal PD (2011) A time-based blended learning model. Horizon 19(3):207–216
Oliveira JH, Giannetti BF, Agostinho F, Almeida CMVB (2017) Decision making under the environmental perspective: choosing between traditional and distance teaching courses. J Clean Prod 172:4303–4313
Oliver M, Trigwell K (2005) Can “blended learning” be redeemed? e-Learning 2(1):17–26
Roy R, Potter S, Yarrow K, Smith M (2005) Towards Sustainable Higher Education: environmental impacts of conventional campus, print-based and electronic distance/open learning systems, Final report DIG-08. Design Innovation Group, The Open University, Milton Keynes
Roy R, Potter S, Yarrow K (2008) Designing low carbon higher education systems: environmental impacts of campus and distance learning systems. Int J Sustain High Educ 9(2):116–130
Sharma P (2010) Blended learning. ELT J 64(4):456–458. Available via https://doi-org.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/10.1093/elt/ccq043
Sharples M, Adams A, Alozie N, Ferguson R, FitzGerald E, Gaved M, McAndrew P, Means B, Remold J, Rienties B, Roschelle J, Vogt K, Whitelock D, Yarnall L (2015) Innovating Pedagogy 2015: (Open University Innovation Report 4). The Open University, Milton Keynes. Available via http://proxima.iet.open.ac.uk/public/innovating_pedagogy_2015.pdf
Spring KJ, Graham CR, Hadlock CA (2016) The current landscape of international blended learning. Int J Technol Enhanc Learn 8(1):84–102
Stewart B, Khare A (2015) eLearning and the sustainable campus. In: Leal Filho W (eds) Transformative approaches to sustainable development at universities. World sustainability series. Springer, Cham, pp 291–305. Available via https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-08837-2_20. Accessed 30 October 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08837-2_20
Tseng H, Walsh E (2016) Blended versus traditional course delivery: comparing students' motivation, learning outcomes, and preferences. Q Rev Dist Edu 17(1):43–52
UNESCO (2014) Shaping the future we want UN decade of education for sustainable development 2005–2014, (Final report) by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Available via https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1682Shaping%20the%20future%20we%20want.pdf
United Nations (UN) (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development A/RES/70/1. Available via https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
Versteijlen M, Perez Salgado F, Janssen Groesbeek M, Counotte A (2017) Pros and cons of online education as a measure to reduce carbon emissions in higher education in the Netherlands. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 28:80–89
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) (1987) Our common future. In: Brundtland GH (ed) Report of the world commission on environment and development. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Available via http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Caird, S., Roy, R. (2019). Blended Learning and Sustainable Development. In: Leal Filho, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_197-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_197-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-63951-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-63951-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education