Definitions
Mobility is the ability to move around freely in our physical world enhancing access and participation to enjoy a better quality of life.
Transport enables easier physical movement facilitating women’s participation in accessing opportunities, decision-making, and the expression of capabilities.
Transport safety is the absence of fear of victimization in transport environment, inside and outside of a vehicle.
Introduction
This entry offers an analysis of issues and actions related to women’s access and use of transport. The authors discuss them in the context of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of gender equality stated to be realized by 2030. The SDGs Goal 5 of achieving gender equality is founded on empowering all women and girls by removing inequalities that women and girls face in their everyday life in their countries. In this background, the authors firstly outline the SDGs 2030, providing an overview...
References
Agrawal A, Sharma A (2015) Gender contests in the Delhi metro: implications of reservation of a coach for women. Indian J Gender Stud 22(3):421–436
Andrews A, Shahrokni N (2014) Patriarchal accommodations: women’s mobility and policies of gender difference from urban Iran to migrant Mexico. J Contemp Ethnogr 43(2):148–175
Chaturvedi G, Sahai G (2019) Understanding women’s aspirations: a study in three Indian states. ANTYAJAA: Indian J Women Soc Change 4(1):70–91
CIVITAS (2020) Smart choices for cities, gender equality and mobility: mind the gap! CIVITAS. https://civitas.eu/content/civitas-policy-note-gender-equality-and-mobility-mind-gap. Accessed 4 Apr 2020
Desai R, Parmar D, Mahadevia D (2017) Resettlement, mobility and women’s safety in cities. IIC Quarterly 43(3-4):65–76
Duchène C (2011) Gender and transport: discussion paper no. 2011-11. ITF. https://www.itf-oecd.org/search/research?f%25255B0%25255D=field_publication_type%3A646&f%5B0%5D=field_publication_type%3A646&page=6. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
Engage (2019) How do we help women navigate cities designed by men? Econ Polit Wkly. https://www.epw.in/engage/article/how-do-we-help-women-navigate-cities-designed-men. Accessed 4 Apr 2020
Fatima S (2016) Eight things Indian women travellers want on their vacation. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/eight-things-indian-women-travellers-want-on-their-vacation/articleshow/51304138.cms. Accessed 4 Apr 2020
Fredman S, Goldblatt B (2015) Gender equality and human rights. Discussion paper, UN Women. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2015/7/dps-gender-equality-and-human-rights. Accessed 2 Mar 2020
Hanson S (2010) Gender and mobility: new approaches for informing sustainability. Gend Place Cult 17(1):5–23
HDRO-UNDP (2020) Almost 90% of men/women globally are biased against women. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/almost-90-menwomen-globally-are-biased-against-women. Accessed 25 Mar 2020
International Monetary Fund (2018) Pursuing women’s economic empowerment https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/05/31/pp053118pursuing-womens-economic-empowerment. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
International Transport Forum (2019) Transport connectivity: a gender perspective. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.itf-oecd.org/transport-connectivity-gender-perspective. Accessed 5 March 2020
Jaber AA (2017) Income inequality, social inclusion and mobility. ITF Round Table Report 164. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/income-inequality-social-inclusion-mobility.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
Joelsson T, Scholten CL (2019) In: Scholten CL, Joelsson T (eds) The political in transport and mobility: towards a feminist analysis of everyday mobility and transport planning. Palgrave Macmillan, SwitzerlandIntegrating gender into transport planning
Kalms N, Korsmeyer H (2017) Gender makes a world of difference for safety on public transport. https://theconversation.com/gender-makes-a-world-of-difference-for-safety-on-public-transport-80313. Accessed 6 Mar 2020
Kronlid D (2016) Mobility as capability. In: Uteng TP, Cresswell T (eds) Gendered mobilities. Routledge, New York
Lecompte CM, Juan Pablo BS (2017) Transport systems and their impact con gender equity. Transp Res Procedia 25:4245–4257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.230
Loukaitou-Sideris A, Fink C (2009) Addressing women’s fear of victimization in transportation settings: A survey of US transit agencies. Urban Affairs Review 44(4):554–587
Loukaitou-Sideris A (2016) A gendered view of mobility and transport: next steps and future directions. Town Planning Rev 87(5):547–565
Lucas K (2018) Editorial for special issue of European transport research review: transport poverty and inequalities. Eur Transp Res Rev 10(17):1–3
Mahadevia D, Advan D (2016) Gender differentials in travel pattern: the case of a mid-sized city, Rajkot, India. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 44:292–302
Mejia-Dorantes L (2018) An example of working women in Mexico City: how can their vision reshape transport policy? Transp Res Part A 11:97–111
Nussbaum M (2000) Women and human development: the capabilities approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
NUTP (2014) National Urban transport policy, Government of India. www.iutindia.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020
Pojani E, Boussauw K, Pojani D (2017) Reexamining transport poverty, job access, and gender issues in central and eastern Europe. Gend Place Cult 24(9):1323–1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1372382
Rao N (2001) Enhancing women’s mobility in a forest economy: transport and gender relations in the Santal Parganas, Jharkhand. Indian J Gend Stud 8(2):271–290
Sadana R (2010) On the Delhi metro: an ethnographic view. Econ Polit Wkly 45(46)
Sadana R (2018) “We are visioning it”: aspirational planning and the material landscapes of Delhi’s metro. City Soc 30(2):186–209
Sen A (1993) Capability and well-being. In: Nussbaum M, Sen A (eds) The quality of life. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Sheller M (2016). Mobility, freedom and public space) In: Bergmann S, Tore S (eds) The ethics of mobilities: rethinking place, exclusion, freedom and environment. Routledge, New York
Sustainable Development Goals (2020a) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld. Accessed 12 Mar 2020
Sustainable Development Goals (2020b) Goal 5: achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, Fact and figures. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/. Accessed 2 Mar 2020
Swedish Transport Administration (2019) The Swedish Transport Administration’s implementation plan for the years 2019–2024. https://trafikverket.ineko.se/se/the-swedish-transport-administrations-implementation-plan-for-the-years-20192024-englishshort-version. Accessed 27 Mar 2020
Tiwari G (2014) Planning and designing transport systems to ensure safe travel for women: Discussion paper no. 2014-04 ITF-OECD. www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/jtrcpapers.html. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
Tiwari G (2017) Perspectives for integrating housing location considerations and transport planning as a means to face social exclusion in Indian cities. ITF Round Table Report 164. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/income-inequality-social-inclusion-mobility.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2020
Turnbull P, Lear J, Thomas H. (2013) Transport policy brief: women in the transport sector. https://www.ilo.org/sector/Resources/publications/WCMS_234882/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm. Accessed 18 Mar 2020
UNDP (2020) Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html. Accessed 12 Mar 2020
UNHR (1948) Universal declaration of human rights. https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/. Accessed 12 Mar 2020
UNHR-OHCHR (1986) Declaration on the right to development. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/righttodevelopment.aspx. Accessed 12 Mar 2020
UN Women (2020a) Facts and figures: leadership and political participation. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/leadership-and-political-participation/facts-and-figures. Accessed 13 Apr 2020
UN Women (2020b) Facts and figures: economic empowerment, benefits of economic empowerment. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures#notes. Accessed 13 Apr 2020
UN Women (2020c) Facts and figures: economic empowerment, The world of work. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures#notes. Accessed 13 Apr 2020
Uteng TP (2016) Gendered mobility: a case study of non-western immigrant women in Norway. In: Bergmann S, Sager T (eds) The ethics of mobilities: rethinking place, exclusion, freedom and environment. Routledge, New York
Uteng TP, Cresswell T (2016) Gendered mobilities: towards a holistic understanding. In: Uteng T, Cresswell T (eds) Gendered mobilities. Routledge, New York
WHO (2020) Gender equality. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/gender/gender-definitions. Accessed 2 Mar 2020
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sharma-Brymer, V., Sharma, S.N.V. (2020). Women and Transport: A Comparative Analysis of Issues and Actions. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Gender Equality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_117-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_117-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences