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Gender Equality pp 1–12Cite as

Gender Imbalance in Academic Careers

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals ((ENUNSDG))

Definition

Gender inequality is defined by the underrepresentation of women in sectors and professions in employment, a poorer record of advancement to higher levels of organizations than men and the historical relationship between the genders in society. Until the early twentieth century, the domination of men in governmental roles was mostly unchallenged. Gender inequality in the workplace can be defined as the lack of opportunity which females encounter in employment and includes “access to work”: advancement in careers and the women’s role in a male-dominated business world. This is further delineated by concepts of “horizontal” and “vertical” segregation. Horizontal segregation deals with the underrepresentation of women across roles, for example, the lack of females in science, technology, electronics and maths (STEM) areas of both study and work. Vertical segregation deals with the lack of female progression to the higher echelons of organizations, sometimes known as the “glass...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK

    Chris Bradshaw

Authors
  1. Chris Bradshaw
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Correspondence to Chris Bradshaw .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. European School of Sustainability, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Anabela Marisa Azul

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo, Brazil

    Luciana Brandli

  4. Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Pinar Gökcin Özuyar

  5. International Centre for Thriving, University of Chester, Chester, UK

    Tony Wall

Section Editor information

  1. International Centre for Thriving, University of Chester, Chester, UK

    Tony Wall

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Bradshaw, C. (2020). Gender Imbalance in Academic Careers. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Gender Equality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_57-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_57-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

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