Definition
Reduce, reuse, and recycle refers to 3Rs’ principle that is meant to be a hierarchy, arranged in ascending order of their adverse impacts to the environment from low to high. Reduction is considered as the most effective and efficient method for managing waste, particularly in the context of production and consumption (Sadi et al. 2012; Garcia 2006). It can not only minimize the generation of waste but also reduce the cost for waste transportation, disposal, and recycling (Poon et al. 2004). Reuse is the most desirable option after reduction because a minimum processing and energy use is achieved (Peng et al. 1997). According to Ling and Leo (2000), reuse means using the same material more than once for the same function. Duran et al. (2006) shows the new-life reuse for a new function, complementing the concept. When reduction and reuse become difficult, recycling is desired (Sadi et al. 2012), that is, a series of activities by which discarded materials are collected,...
References
Adams KT et al (2017) Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers. Waste Resour Manag 170(1):15–24. https://doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.16.00011
Amposah NY et al (2012) Impact of building material recycle or reuse on selected emergy ratios. Resour Conserv Recycl 67:9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.07.001
Asian Institute of Technology (2008) 3R in Asia, a gap analysis in selected Asian countries. 3R Knowledge Hub. Available via DIALOG. http://faculty.ait.ac.th/visu/public/uploads/books/3RAGPSAC.pdf. Accessed 22 June 2018
Barnett MN, Finnemore M (1999) The politics, power, and pathologies of international organizations. Int Organ 53(4):699–732. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081899551048
Cândido L et al (2011) The recycling cycle of materials as a design project tool. J Clean Prod 19:1438–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.017
Chowdhury AH, Mohammad N, Haque RU et al (2014) Developing 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) strategy for waste management in the urban areas of Bangladesh: socioeconomic and climate adoption mitigation option. J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol 8(5):09–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDRET.2014.6861706
Cottrell MP (2009) Legitimacy and institutional replacement: the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Emergence of the Mine Ban Treaty. Int Organ 63(2):217–248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090079
Damghani AM et al (2008) Municipal solid waste management in Tehran: current practices, opportunities and challenges. Waste Manag 28:929–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.010
Duran X, Lenihan H, O’Regan B (2006) A model for assessing the economic viability of construction and demolition waste recycling – the case of Ireland. Resour Conserv Recycl 46(3):302–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.08.003
Fercoq A, Lamouri S, Carbone V (2016) Lean/Green integration focused on waste reduction techniques. J Clean Prod 137:567–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.107
Garcia DD (2006) Promoting 3R initiatives in the Philippines. In: Zowghi D et al (1996) A framework for reasoning about requirements in evolution. In: 8th Asia-Pacific roundtable for sustainable consumption and production, Bangkok, June 2006
Gehin A, Zwolinski P, Brissaud D (2008) A tool to implement sustainable end-of-life strategies in the product development phase. J Clean Prod 16:566–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.012
Ghisellini P, Ripa M, Ulgiati S (2018) Exploring environmental and economic costs and benefits of a circular economy approach to the construction and demolition sector. A literature review. J Clean Prod 178:618–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.207
Goyal S, Esposito M, Kapoor A (2016) Circular economy business models in developing economies: lessons from India on reduce, recycle, and reuse paradigms. Thunderbird Int Bus Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21883
Hu JG, Hua G, Yong H (2010) Notice of retraction research on products design methods based on sustainable development. In: Proceedings of the ICEE’10, 2010 International conference on E-Business and E-Government, Guangzhou, May 2010. IEEE, China, pp 4422–4425
Huang C et al (2012) A novel approach to product modularity and product disassembly with the consideration of 3R-abilities. Comput Ind Eng 62:96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2011.08.021
Jibril J et al (2012) 3R s critical success factor in solid waste management system for higher educational institutions. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 65:626–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.175
Jin R (2017) An empirical study of perceptions towards construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse in China. Resour Conserv Recycl 126:86–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.034
Karlsson R, Luttropp C (2006) EcoDesign: what’s happening? An overview of the subject area of EcoDesign and of the papers in this special issue. J Clean Prod 14:1291–1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.11.010
King AA, Lenox MJ (2001) Lean and green? An empirical examination of the relationship between lean production and environmental performance. Prod Oper Manag 10(3):244–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2001
Kondoh S, Komoto H, Masui K (2017) Interlinking multiple decision variables over different life cycle stages to realize effective reuse and recycling from a strategic viewpoint. Procedia Cirp 61:245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.256
Ling YY, Leo KC (2000) Reusing timber formwork: importance of workmen’s efficiency and attitude. Build Environ 35(2):135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(99)00008-6
Murphy P, Mueller CR, Gowda M (1993) The garbage primer. Lyons & Burford, New York
National Recycling Coalition (1999) Leveling the playing field for recycling: a policy report on virgin material subsidies from the National Recycling Coalition. Available via DIALOG. https://nrcrecycles.org/mobius/nrcwp-content/uploads/2015/10/Level-the-Playing-Field.pdf. Accessed 22 July 2018
Ng WY, Chau CK (2015) New life of the building materials- recycle, reuse and recovery. Energy Procedia 75:2884–2891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.581
Ortiz O, Pasqualino JC, Castells F (2010) Environmental performance of construction waste: comparing three scenarios from a case study in Catalonia, Spain. Waste Manag 30:646–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.11.013
Pandey RU, Surjan A, Kapshe M (2018) Exploring linkages between sustainable consumption and prevailing green practices in reuse and recycling of household waste: case of Bhopal city in India. J Clean Prod 173:49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.227
Papa M (2015) Sustainable global governance? Reduce, reuse, and recycle institutions. Glob Environ Polit 15(4):01–20. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00324
Peng CL, Scorpio DE, Kitbert CJ (1997) Strategies for successful construction and demolition waste recycling operations. Constr Manag Econ 15(1):49–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461997373105
Poon CS, Yu ATW, Jaillon L (2004) Reducing building waste at construction sites in Hong Kong. Constr Manag Econ 22(5):461–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000202816
Potting J et al (2017) Circular economy: measuring innovation in the product chain. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. Available via DIALOG. http://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/pbl-2016-circular-economy-measuring-innovation-in-product-chains-2544.pdf. Accessed 29 June 2018
Prieto-sandoval V, Jaca C, Ormazabal M (2018) Towards a consensus on the circular economy. J Clean Prod 179:605–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.224
Sadi MAK, Abdullah A, Sajoudi MN et al (2012) Reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery in sustainable construction waste management. Adv Mater Res 446–449:937–944. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.446-449.937
Shuanggui Y, Baoguo J, Chun L (2011) The tentative idea of energy recovery based on “3R” principle. Procedia Eng 21:1188–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2129
Tse T, Esposito M, Soufani K (2015) Why the circular economy matters. Eur Bus Rev. Available via DIALOG. http://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/?p=8372. Accessed 29 Jun 2018
United Nations Environment Programme (2005) Integrated waste management scoreboard. A tool to measure performance in municipal solid waste management. Available via DIALOG. http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/spc/IWM_scoreboard-binder.pdf. Accessed 29 June 2018
Wang P et al (2014) Ownership governance, institutional pressures and circular economy accounting information disclosure: an institutional theory and corporate governance theory perspective. Chin Manag Stud 8(3):487–501. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-10-2013-0192
Yong R (2007) The circular economy in China. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 9:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-007-0183-z
Yousuf TB (2013) 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) in Bangladesh. In: Pariatamby A, Tanaka M (eds) Municipal solid waste management in Asia and the Pacific Islands, Environmental science and engineering, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-73-4_4
Yuan H, Shen L, Wang J (2011) Major obstacles to improving the performance of waste management in China’s construction industry. Facilities 29(5):224–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632771111120538
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Marques, C.T., Fritzen Gomes, B.M. (2019). Reuse, Reduce, Recycle. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Responsible Consumption and Production. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71062-4_67-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71062-4_67-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71062-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71062-4
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences