Skip to main content

Basins of Attraction of Cellular Automata and Discrete Dynamical Networks

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 194 Accesses

Glossary

Attractor, basin of attraction, subtree:

The terms “attractor” and “basin of attraction” are borrowed from continuous dynamical systems. In this context the attractor signifies the repetitive cycle of states into which the system will settle. The basin of attraction in convergent (injective) dynamics includes the transient states that flow to an attractor as well as the attractor itself, where each state has one successor but possibly zero or more predecessors (pre-images). Convergent dynamics implies a topology of trees rooted on the attractor cycle, though the cycle can have a period of just one, a point attractor. Part of a tree is a subtree defined by its root and number of levels. These mathematical objects may be referred to in general as “attractor basins.”

Basin of attraction field:

One or more basins of attraction comprising all of state-space.

Cellular automata, CA:

Although CA are often treated as having infinite size, we are dealing here with finite CA, which...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Note: Most references by A. Wuensche are available online at http://www.uncomp.ac.uk/wuensche/publications.html

  • Ashby WR (1956) An introduction to cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Conway JH (1982) What is life? In: Berlekamp E, Conway JH, Guy R (eds) Winning ways for your mathematical plays, chapter 25, vol Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook M (2004) Universality in elementary cellular automata. Complex Syst 15:1–40

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Domain C, Gutowitz H (1997) The topological skeleton of cellular automata dynamics. Pysica D 103(1–4):155–168

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Soto JM, Wuensche A (2015) The X-rule: universal computation in a nonisotropic Life-like Cellular Automaton. JCA 10(3-4):261–294. preprint: http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01434/

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Soto JM, Wuensche A (2016) X-rule’s precursor is also logically universal. To appear in JCA. Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.08829/

  • Harris SE, Sawhill BK, Wuensche A, Kauffman SA (2002) A model of transcriptional regulatory networks based on biases in the observed regulation rules. Complexity 7(4):23–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopield JJ (1982) Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective abilities, proceeding of the national. Acad Sci 79:2554–2558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman SA (1969) Metabolic stability and Epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets. Theor Biol 22(3):439–467

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman SA (1993) The origins of order. Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman SA (2000) Investigations. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Langton CG (1990) Computation at the edge of chaos: phase transitions and emergent computation. Physica D 42:12–37

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Somogyi R, Sniegoski CA (1996) Modeling the complexity of genetic networks: understanding multigene and pleiotropic regulation. Complexity 1:45–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker CC, Ashby WR (1966) On the temporal characteristics of behavior in certain complex systems. Kybernetick 3(2):100–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1993–2017) Discrete Dynamics Lab (DDLab). http://www.ddlab.org/

  • Wuensche A (1994a) Complexity in 1D cellular automata; Gliders, basins of attraction and the Z parameter. Santa Fe Institute working paper 94-04-025

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1994b) The ghost in the machine: basin of attraction fields of random Boolean networks. In: Langton CG (ed) Artificial Life III. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp 496–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1996) The emergence of memory: categorisation far from equilibrium. In: Hameroff SR, Kaszniak AW, Scott AC (eds) Towards a science of consciousness: the first Tucson discussions and debates. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 383–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1997) Attractor basins of discrete networks: Implications on self-organisation and memory. Cognitive science research paper 461, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1998) Genomic regulation modeled as a network with basins of attraction. Proceedings of the 1998 pacific symposium on Biocomputing. World Scientific, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (1999) Classifying cellular automata automatically; finding gliders, filtering, and relating space-time patterns, attractor basins, and the Z parameter. Complexity 4(3):47–66

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (2004) Basins of attraction in network dynamics: a conceptual framework for biomolecular networks. In: Schlosser G, Wagner GP (eds) Modularity in development and Evolution,chapter 13. Chicago University Press, Chicago, pp 288–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (2009) Cellular automata encryption: the reverse algorithm, Z-parameter and chain rules. Parallel Proc Lett 19(2):283–297

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (2010) Complex and chaotic dynamics, basins of attraction, and memory in discrete networks. Acta Phys Pol, B 3(2):463–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A (2016) Exploring discrete dynamics, 2nd edn. Luniver Press, Frome

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A, Adamatzky A (2006) On spiral glider-guns in hexagonal cellular automata: activator-inhibitor paradigm. Int J Mod Phys C 17(7):1009–1026

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wuensche A, Lesser MJ (1992) The global dynamics of cellular automata; an atlas of basin of attraction fields of one-dimensional cellular automata, Santa Fe institute studies in the sciences of complexity. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew Wuensche .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Wuensche, A. (2017). Basins of Attraction of Cellular Automata and Discrete Dynamical Networks. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_674-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_674-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-27737-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27737-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics