Table 2 Parameters of model of on-ramp bottleneck used in simulations of the main text

λ_b = 0.75, v_{free on} = 22.2 ms⁻¹/δv,

\( \triangle {v}_{\mathrm{r}}^{(2)} \) = 5 ms⁻¹/δv,

L_r = 1 km/δx, \( \triangle {v}_{\mathrm{r}}^{(1)} \) = 10 ms⁻¹/δv,

L_m = 0.3 km/δx.