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Definition
Sensory rhodopsin II belongs to the microbial rhodopsins, which constitute a family of seven-helix membrane proteins with the chromophore retinal. Members of this family are distributed throughout the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. These photoactive proteins use a common structural design for three distinct functions: light-driven ion transport, ion channels, and sensors. The sensors start a signal transduction chain similar to that of the two-component system of eubacterial chemotaxis. The connecting membrane part between the photoreceptor and the following cytoplasmic signal cascade is formed by a transducer molecule that binds tightly and specifically to its cognate receptor by means of two transmembrane helices (TM1 and TM2) (Gordeliy et al. 2002).
Basic Characteristics
The discovery of purple membrane from Halobacterium salinarum and its constituent bacteriorhodopsin (bR) more than 40 years ago (Oesterhelt and Stoeckenius 1971) caused an...
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References
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Movie of the structure of the complex SRII/HtrII in red/green. Darker parts of the complex protrude out of the membrane surface; lighter parts are within the membrane. The retinal is in purple color (MP4 5099 kb)
Movie of part of the complex: Transition between “U” and “V” states of the complex, also indicating the changes of the membrane. The “V”-shaped structure may correspond to the active state of the complex, and transition from the “U” to the “V” shape of the receptor-transducer complex can be involved in signal transduction from the receptor to the signaling domain of NpHtrII (MP4 4082 kb)
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Büldt, G., Gordeliy, V., Klare, J.P., Engelhard, M. (2019). Sensory Rhodopsin II: Signal Development and Transduction. In: Roberts, G., Watts, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Biophysics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35943-9_803-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35943-9_803-1
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