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Antenatal Hydronephrosis

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Pediatric Surgery

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Abstract

Antenatal hydronephrosis (AHN), also called urinary tract dilation, has been increasingly recognized with the widespread use of fetal ultrasound. Pediatricians, neonatologists, pediatric surgeons, and/or pediatric urologists are often faced with newborns and/or infants with asymptomatic hydronephrosis (HN) detected in utero and are expected to make management decisions regarding their ultrasonographic findings. In most instances, mild to moderate HN carries no clinical relevance as it resolves spontaneously after birth. However, there is a group of infants with urinary tract dilation who merit investigation and should be managed accordingly in order to avoid complications such as urinary tract infections and/or loss of renal function.

In this chapter, we will discuss the main urological malformations associated with AHN, as well as their postnatal evaluation and management.

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Abbreviations

AHN:

Antenatal hydronephrosis

AP:

Antibiotic prophylaxis

APD:

Anteroposterior diameter

DMSA:

TcDimercaptosuccinic acid

fUTI:

Febrile urinary tract infection

GA:

Gestational age

HN:

Hydronephrosis

MAG3:

TcMercaptoacetyltriglycine

MCDK:

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

MRU:

Magnetic resonance urography

SFU:

Society for fetal urology

UPJO-like:

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction-like

UTD:

Urinary tract dilation

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

VCUG:

Voiding cystourethrogram

VUR :

Vesicoureteral reflux

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Urology, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Luis H. Braga

  2. Pediatric Urology, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA

    CD Anthony Herndon

Authors
  1. Luis H. Braga
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  2. CD Anthony Herndon
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Correspondence to Luis H. Braga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Prem Puri

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Braga, L.H., Herndon, C.A. (2023). Antenatal Hydronephrosis. In: Puri, P. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_164-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_164-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38482-0

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