Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Urodynamic Studies of the Urinary Tract

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Pediatric Surgery

  • 17 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides a thorough explanation on how to approach a child who presents with lower urinary tract dysfunction, whether it be of neurogenic, anatomic, or functional origin. Formation of a urodynamic question after a comprehensive history and physical examination is paramount in selecting the urodynamic study(ies) that will be most appropriate for each child. Considerate application of each test in a stepwise manner, while including the parent and child throughout the process, will provide the most accurate and reproducible results. Recommendations on how to execute each of the components of a urodynamic study, as well as interpretation, are included in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W, Chase J, Franco I, Hoebeke P, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol. 2014;191:1863–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer SB, Austin PF, Rawashdeh YF, de Jong TP, Franco I, Siggard C, Jorgensen TM. International Children’s Continence Society’s recommendations for initial diagnostic evaluation and follow-up in congenital neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31:610–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bower WF, Wong EMC, Yeung CK. Development of a validated quality of life tool specific to children with bladder dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25:221–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burgers RE, Mugie SM, Chase J, Cooper CS, von Gontard A, Rittig CS, Homsy Y, Bauer SB, Benninga MA. Management of functional constipation in children with lower urinary tract symptoms: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol. 2013;190:29–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang SJ, Chiang IN, Hseih CH, Lin CD, Yang SSD. Age and gender specific nomograms for single and dual post void residual urine in healthy children. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013;32:1014–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clothier JC, Wright AJ. Dysfunctional voiding: the importance of non-invasive urodynamics in diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(3):381–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3679-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combs AJ, Van Batavia JP, Horowitz M, Glassberg KI. Short pelvic floor electromyographic lag time: a novel noninvasive approach to document detrusor over activity in children with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2013;189:2282–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Jong TPVM, Klijn AJ. Urodynamics in pediatric urology. Nat Rev Urol. 2009;6:585–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drzewiecki BA, Bauer SB. Urodynamic testing in children: indications, technique, interpretation and significance. J Urol. 2011;186:1190–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ergun R, Sekerci CA, Tanidir Y, Ozturk Nİ, Tarcan T, Yucel S. The results of three times repeated filling cystometry and pressure flow studies in children with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2022;41(5):1157–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.24934.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farhat W, Bägli DJ, Capolicchio G, O’Reilly S, Merguerian PA, Khoury A, McLorie GA. The Dysfunctional voiding scoring system: quantitative standardization of dysfunctional voiding symptoms in children. J Urol. 2000;164:1011–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein JB, Cahill D, Graber K, Tulley K, O'Connell B, Mednick L, Rosoff JS, Bauer SB, Weinstock P, Estrada CR. Anxiety, distress, and pain in pediatric urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020;39(4):1178–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.24339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray M. Traces: making sense of urodynamic testing—part 13: pediatric urodynamics. Urol Nurs. 2012;32:251–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoebeke P, Bower W, Combs A, de Jong T, Yang S. Diagnostic evaluation of children with daytime incontinence. J Urol. 2010;183:699–703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmdahl G, Hanson E, Hanson M, Hellstrom AL, Sillen U, Solsnes E. Four-hour voiding observation in young boys with posterior urethral valves. J Urol. 1998;160:1477–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson UB, Hanson M, Hanson E, Hellstrom AL, Sillen U. Voiding pattern in healthy children 0-3 years old: a longitudinal study. J Urol. 2000;164:2050–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgenson B, Olsen LH, Jorgenson TM. Natural fill urodynamics and convential cystometrogram in infants with neurogenic bladder. J Urol. 2009;181:1862–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaefer M, Rosen A, Darbey M, Kelly M, Bauer SB. Pressure at residual volume: useful adjunct to standard fill cystometry. J Urol. 1997;158:1268–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman MR, DeMarco RT, Pope JC 4th, et al. High yield of urodynamics performed for refractory nonneurogenic dysfunctional voiding in the pediatric population. J Urol. 2006;176:1835–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson S, Spangberg A. Urinary flow in healthy school children. Neurourol Urodyn. 1994;13:281–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nevéus T, von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol. 2006;176:314–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer LS, Richards I, Kaplan WE. Age-related bladder capacity and bladder capacity growth in children with myelomenigocele. J Urol. 1997;158:1261.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JM, Bloom DA, McGuire EJ. The guarding reflex revisited. Br J Urol. 1997;80:940–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sillen U, Hellstrom AL, Hermanson G, Abrahamson K. Comparison of urodynamic and free voiding pattern in infant with dilating reflux. J Urol. 1999;161:1928–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sureshkumar P, Craig JC, Roy LP, Knight JF. A reproducible pediatric daytime urinary incontinence questionnaire. J Urol. 2001;165:569–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeny H, Marai S, Kim C, Ferrer F. Creating a sedation service for pediatric urodynamics: our experience. Urol Nurs. 2008;28:273–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veerecken RL, Proesmans W. Urethral instability as an important element of dysfunctional voiding. J Urol. 2000;163:585–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen JG, Tong EC. Cystometry in infants and children with no apparent voiding symptoms. Br J Urol. 1989;81:468–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen JG, Djurhuus JC, Rosier PFWM, Bauer SB. ICS educational module: cystometry in children. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(8):2306–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23729.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung CK, Godley ML, Dhillon HK, Duffy PG, Ransley PG. Urodynamic patterns in infants with normal lower urinary tracts or primary vesico-ureteric reflux. Br J Urol. 1998;81:461–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Leung VT, Metreweli C. Ultrasound bladder measurements in patients with primary nocturnal enuresis: a urodynamic and treatment outcome correlation. J Urol. 2004;171:2589–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Leung VT, Sit KY. Correlation between ultrasonographic bladder measurements and urodynamic findings in children with recurrent urinary tract infection. BJU Int. 2007;99:651–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Pediatric Division, Children’s Hospital of Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA

    Beth A. Drzewiecki

  2. Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Stuart B. Bauer

Authors
  1. Beth A. Drzewiecki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stuart B. Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beth A. Drzewiecki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Prem Puri

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Drzewiecki, B.A., Bauer, S.B. (2022). Urodynamic Studies of the Urinary Tract. In: Puri, P. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_168-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_168-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38482-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38482-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation