An academic institution that combines teaching, research, and entrepreneurship to various degrees is a common emergent phenomenon, with profound implications for the academic role and the university’s role in society (Etzkowitz 1983). The “capitalization of knowledge” is at the heart of the entrepreneurial academic mission, linking universities to users of knowledge more tightly and establishing the university as an economic actor in its own right. As research produces useful benefits as a byproduct of investigation, academic entrepreneurship is endogenously generated from the logic of scientific discovery (Ahmad et al. 2013). As responsibility for local and regional development takes hold globally as an academic task, knowledge is interrogated for its potential to create jobs in arts festivals as well as technology start-ups (Etzkowitz 2015).
An “academic revolution” made research an academic mission in the nineteenth century (Jencks and Riesman 1968); a “second academic revolution”...
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Etzkowitz, H. (2017). The Entrepreneurial University. In: Shin, J., Teixeira, P. (eds) Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_17-1
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