Definition
Ionic liquids (ILs), or molten salts, are nonvolatile and nonflammable organic substances, which consist of asymmetric cations (imidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium, etc.) and weakly coordinating anions (halides, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, acetate, etc.) and have low melting points. Due to the self-assembly of their ions, ILs demonstrate nano- and microheterogeneous structural ordering. Such unique structural peculiarities presumably govern specific solvent properties of ILs, which find application in numerous scientific fields, from catalysis and synthesis to electrochemistry and biochemistry. The vast number of possible combinations of cations and anions suggests the possibility of targeted “tuning” of IL properties [1,2,3].
Introduction: Biological Activity of Ionic...
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Egorova, K.S., Ananikov, V.P. (2019). Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids Involving Ionic and Covalent Binding: Tunable Drug Development Platform. In: Zhang, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6739-6_1-1
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