Skip to main content

Islamic Identity and Sexuality in Indonesia

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity
  • 516 Accesses

Abstract

Despite popular understandings and interpretations, Islam is actually one of the most positive of all world religions regarding sexuality. Fulfilling sexual relations is acknowledged as an integral part of heterosexual marriage, and women have the right to divorce their husbands if the latter fail to provide sexual satisfaction. However, Islam across the world is presented as a sexually repressive and coercive religion, and this is not without reason. People having sex outside heterosexual marriage have been executed in the name of Islam. Long touted as the country that proves Islam is compatible with progressive democratic principles, Indonesia is an interesting place to examine Islam and sexuality. While Indonesia has avoided official criminal penalties for people involved in consenting private sexual affairs, in the last few years, there has been a dramatic rise in punitive forces using Islam to justify persecution of anyone having sex outside of heterosexual marriage. This chapter explores Islam and sexuality in contemporary Indonesia to provide a richer understanding of how these two elements interrelate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al-Islam (2015) Importance of marriage in Islam. Retrieved from Al-Islam.org

  • Altman D, Symons J (2016) Queer wars. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspinall E (2009) Islam and nation: separatist rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford University Press, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker B (2005) South Sulawesi in 1544: a Portuguese letter. Rev Indones Malays Aff 39(1):61–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett LR (2005) Women, Islam and modernity: single women, sexuality and reproductive health in contemporary Indonesia. Routledge Curzon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett LR (2015) Sexual morality and the silencing of sexual health within Indonesian infertility care. In: Bennett L, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia: sexual politics, health, diversity and representations. Routledge, London, pp 148–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett LR, Andajani-Sutjahjo S, Idrus N (2011) Domestic violence in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia: married women’s definitions and experiences of violence in the home. Asia Pac J Anthropol 12(2):146–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn S (2004) Women and the state in modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwood E (2010) Falling into the Lesbi world: desire and difference in Indonesia. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwood E, Wieringa S (1999) Sapphic shadows: challenging the silence in the study of sexuality. In: Blackwood E, Wieringa S (eds) Female desires: same-sex relations and transgender practices across cultures. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 39–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom J, Blair S (2002) Islam: a thousand years of faith and power. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Boellstorff T (2005) The gay archipelago: sexuality and nation in Indonesia. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth CE (1989) The history of al-Tabari: the 'Abbasid caliphate in equilibrium, vol 30. The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid A.D, Albany

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner S (2011) Private moralities in the public sphere: democratization, Islam, and gender in Indonesia. Am Anthropol 113(3):478–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooke J (1848) Narratives of events in Borneo and Celebes down to the occupation of Labuan, from the journals of James Brooke, Esq, vol 1. John Murray, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler J (1990) Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler J (1993) Bodies that matter: on the discursive limits of “Sex”. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplan P (1987) The cultural construction of sexuality. Tavistock, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabot HT (1950) Kinship, status, and gender in South Celebes, vol 1996. Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) Press, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua LJ (2014) Mobilizing gay Singapore: rights and resistance in an authoritarian state. National University of Singapore Press, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG (2005) Women and politics in Indonesia in the decade post-Beijing. Int Soc Sci J 57(184):231–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG (2007) Challenging gender norms: five genders among Bugis in Indonesia. Thomson Wadsworth, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG (2011) Gender diversity in Indonesia: sexuality, Islam, and queer selves. RoutledgeCurzon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG (2015) Performing selves: the trope of authenticity and Robert Wilson’s stage production of I La Galigo. J Southeast Asian Stud 46(3):417–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG, Bennett L (2015) Sexuality, continuity and change in the Reformasi era. In: Bennett L, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia: sexual politics, health, diversity and representations. Routledge, London, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies SG, Robson J (2016) Juvenile (in)justice: children in conflict with the law in Indonesia. Asia Pac J Hum Rights Law 2(16):119–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Fausto-Sterling A (1992) Myths of gender: biological theories about women and men. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fausto-Sterling A (2000) Sexing the body: gender politics and the construction of sexuality. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fausto-Sterling A (2006) The bare bones of sex: part 1 – sex and gender. Signs 30(2):1491–1528

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1985) The history of sexuality: the use of pleasure, vol. 2 (trans: Hurley R). Vintage Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault M (1988) The history of sexuality: care of self, vol 3. Vintage, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartono H (2018) Virtually (im)moral: pious Indonesian Muslim women’s use of Facebook. Asian Stud Rev 42:39–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartono H, Davies SG, MacRae G (2017) You can’t avoid sex and cigarettes: how Indonesian Muslim mothers teach their children to read billboards. Pac J Rev 23(2):146–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Hefner R (2000) Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty B (2017) The value of transgender Waria affective labor for transnational media markets in Indonesia. TSQ Transgender Stud Q 4(1):78–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Herdt G (ed) (1994) Third sex, third gender: beyond sexual dimorphism in culture and history. Zone Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hidayana IM, Tenni B (2015) Negotiating risk: Indonesian couples navigating marital relationships, reproduction and HIV. In: Bennett L, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia: sexual politics, health, diversity and representations. Routledge, London, pp 91–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Hite S (1976) The Hite report: a Nationwide study of female sexuality. Seven Stories Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoon CY (2004) Revisiting the Asian values argument used by Asian political leaders and its validity. Indones Q 32(2):154–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys L (1970) Tearoom trade: impersonal sex in public places. Duckworth, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Islamqa (2013) The punishment for lesbianism. Retrieved from https://islamqa.info/en/answers/21058/the-punishment-for-lesbianism

  • Jackson PA (2001) Pre-gay, post-queer: Thai perspectives on proliferating gender/sex diversity in Asia. J Homosex 40(3/4):1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs H (1966) The first (locally) demonstrable Christianity in Celebes, 1544. Stud Rome 17(April):251–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson M (1997) Beauty and power: transgendering and cultural transformation in the Southern Philippines. Berg, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones GW (1995) Population and the family in Southeast Asia. J Southeast Asian Stud 26(1):184–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones C (2010) Materializing piety: gendered anxieties about faithful consumption in contemporary urban Indonesia. Am Ethnol 37(4):617–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE (1948) Sexual behavior in the human male. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulick D (1998) Travesti: sex, gender and culture among Brazilian transgendered prostitutes. The University of Chicago, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist J (2004) Veils and ecstasy: negotiating shame in the Indonesian borderlands. Ethnos J Anthropol 69(4):487–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Loos T (2008) A history of sex and the state in Southeast Asia: class, intimacy and invisibility. Citizenship Stud 12(1):27–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Manalansan MF (2003) Global divas: Filipino gay men in the diaspora. Duke University Press, Durham

    Google Scholar 

  • Mariani E, Sampeliling AR (2016, 5 January) LGBT group faces state persecution. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/01/25/lgbt-group-faces-state-persecution.html

  • Martin E (1991) The egg and the sperm: how science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles. Signs 16(3):485–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters WH, Johnson VE (1966) Human sexual response. Bantam Books, Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulya T (2018) From divine instruction to human invention: the constitution of Indonesian Christian young people’s sexual subjectivities through the dominant discourse of sexual morality. Asian Stud Rev 42:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1407918

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro J, McIntyre L (2015) (Not) getting political: indigenous women and preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in West Papua. Cult Health Sex 18(2):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray SO, Roscoe W (eds) (1997) Islamic homosexualities: culture, history, and literature. New York University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Murtagh B (2013) Genders and sexualities in Indonesian cinema: constructing gay, Lesbi and Waria identities on screen. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurmila N, Bennett L (2015) The sexual politics of polygamy in Indonesian marriages. In: Bennett L, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia: sexual politics, health, diversity and representations. Routledge, London, pp 69–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Omar S (2016) Oxford Islamic studies online. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Paramaditha I (2016, 27 February) The LGBT debate and the fear of ‘gerakan’. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/27/the-lgbt-debate-and-fear-gerakan.html

  • Parker L (2008) To cover the Aurat: veiling, sexual morality and agency among the Muslim Minangkabau, Indonesia. Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific, March(16). Retrieved from http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue16_contents.htm

  • Pausacker H (2008) Hot debates. Inside Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.insideindonesia.org/hot-debates

  • Pausacker H (2015) Indonesian beauty queens: embodying ethnicity, sexual morality and the nation. In: Bennett L, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia: sexual politics, health, diversity and representations. Routledge, London, pp 273–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Peletz MG (2009) Gender pluralism: Southeast Asia since early modern times. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelras C (1996) The Bugis. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Platt M, Davies S, Bennett L (2018) Contestations of gender, sexuality and morality in contemporary Indonesia. Asian Stud Rev. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1409698

  • Pohlman A (2017) The spectre of communist women, sexual violence and citizenship in Indonesia. Sexualities 20(1–2):196–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahmalia A, Wisaksana R, Meijerink H, Indrati AR, Alisjahbana B, Roeleveld N, Crevel R (2015) Women with HIV in Indonesia: are they bridging a concentrated epidemic to the wider community? BMC Res Notes 8(757):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy G (2005) With respect to sex: negotiating hijra identity in South India. Chicago University Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson K (2015) Masculinity, sexuality, and Islam: the gender politics of regime change in Indonesia. In: Bennett LR, Davies SG (eds) Sex and sexualities in contemporary Indonesia. Routledge, London, pp 51–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan G (2016, 10 March, 2016) Indonesian Islam is a good-news story for peace. The Australian. Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/greg-sheridan/indonesian-islam-is-a-goodnews-story-for-peace/news-story/b9a6f8da391868f6b89e254e9752041c

  • Silvey R (2000) Stigmatized spaces: gender and mobility under crisis in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Gend Place Cult A J Fem Geogr 7(2):143–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinnott M (2007) Gender subjectivity: dees and toms in Thailand. In: Wieringa S, Blackwood E, Bhaiya A (eds) Women’s sexualities and masculinities in a globalizing Asia. Palgrave, New York, pp 119–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Hefner NJ (2007) Javanese women and the veil in post-Soeharto Indonesia. J Asian Stud 66(2):389–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Hefner NJ (2009) ‘Hypersexed’ youth and the new Muslim sexology in Java, Indonesia. RIMA Rev Indones Malays Aff 43(1):209–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Stivens M (2006) ‘Family values’ and Islamic revival: gender, rights and state moral projects in Malaysia. Womens Stud Int Forum 29(4):354–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Strang RR (2008) “More Adversarial, but not Completely Adversarial”: reformasi of the Indonesian criminal procedure code. Fordham Int Law J 32:188. https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj/vol32/iss1/13

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker S (2004) Transgender studies: queer theory’s evil twin. GLQ A J Lesbian Gay Stud 10(2):212–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Teo YY (2011) Neoliberal morality in Singapore: how family policies make state and society. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • UN (2015) Indonesia and the United Nations: a brief overview. Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations

    Google Scholar 

  • Valocchi S (2005) Not yet queer enough: the lessons of queer theory for the sociology of gender and sexuality. Gend Soc 19(6):750–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner M (ed) (1993) Fear of a queer planet: queer politics and social theory. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Weeks J (1999) Myths and fictions in modern sexualities. In: Epstein D, Sears JT (eds) A dangerous knowing: sexuality, pedagogy and popular culture. Cassell, London, pp 11–24

    Google Scholar 

  • West C, Zimmerman DH (1987) Doing gender. Gend Soc 1(2):125–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieringa S (2002) Sexual politics in Indonesia. Institute of Social Studies/Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson I (2014) Morality racketeering: vigilantism and populist Islamic militancy in Indonesia. In: Teik KB, Hadiz VR, Nakanishi Y (eds) Between dissent and power: the transformation of Islamic politics in the Middle East and Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London pp 248–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Yosephine L (2016, 24 February) Indonesian psychiatrists label LGBT as mental disorders. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/02/24/indonesian-psychiatrists-label-lgbt-mental-disorders.html#sthash.kzahehOM.dpuf

  • Yulius HW (2016) Sex in Aceh. Retrieved from http://indonesiaatmelbourne.unimelb.edu.au/sex-in-acehs-criminal-code/

  • Yulius HW, Davies SG (forthcoming) The unfulfilled promise of democracy: lesbian and gay activism in Indonesia. Michele Ford edited volume on social movements

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sharyn Graham Davies .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Davies, S.G. (2019). Islamic Identity and Sexuality in Indonesia. In: Ratuva, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_58-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_58-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0242-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0242-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Political Science and International StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics