Introduction
Teachers in elementary and secondary schools refer to those who have obtained the teachers’ certificate of qualification and serve in elementary and secondary schools.
In China, it is believed that “getting a teachers’ certificate of qualification is only a key to opening up the opportunities for teachers’ professional development.” Therefore, teacher professional development is regarded as “mainly occurring in the on-the-job stage, the core of which is to acquire specialized knowledge arising from the process of dealing with complex and uncertain situations”(Gu and Wang 2004). “Learning how to teach” by “hardworking in the classroom” is the regular process of teachers’ growth and development (Gu and Wang 2004). Teachers’ learning and innovation are presented as “four basic modes of action: learning by listening, learning by doing, demonstrating what they understand and presenting what they demonstrate” (Gu and Wang 2004). Therefore, action research should be carried out...
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Guo, H. (2019). Teacher Professional Development in Elementary and Secondary Schools in China. In: Peters, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Teacher Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_5-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_5-1
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