Abstract
Mobile learning has been adopted to a varying extent across the countries of Southeast Asia. Though mobile learning initiatives in the UK, Europe, the USA, and Australia are well-documented, much less is known about mobile learning initiatives in Southeast Asia. This region is culturally and economically diverse, containing both developed countries such as Singapore and developing countries including East Timor. This range of economic development means that the penetration of telecommunications technologies, including infrastructure to support mobile and internet networks, varies vastly, and the extent to which this technology is used for learning similarly varies. This chapter begins with an examination of the mobile device market penetration in the various countries of Southeast Asia and the particular demographics of those users. Internet censorship potentially will impact on mobile learning initiatives in some countries and this is examined briefly. The status of mobile learning in a cross-section of Southeast Asian countries will be examined, with a particular focus on government policies, critical infrastructure, and notable mobile learning initiatives. The chapter concludes with a review of the enablers and barriers to mobile learning in Southeast Asia and a look at future directions.
References
Alamsyah, A., and G. Ramantoko. 2012. Implementations of m-learning in higher education in Indonesia. Bandung: Telkom Institute of Management.
Ayala Foundation. 2011. Text2Teach goes nationwide, 15 Aug 2011. http://www.ayalafoundation.org/news.php?i=102
Bahar, I. 2009. Mobile learning: Indonesia perspective. Paper presented at the APAC Mobile Learning & Edutainment Conference, Kuala Lumpur.
Bandalaria, M. P. 2005. Education for all through the mobile phone: The University of the Philippines Open University experience. Paper presented at the 19th AAOU Annual Conference, Jakarta.
Berkman Center. 2006, August 5. OpenNet Initiative Vietnam Report: University Research Team Finds an Increase in Internet Censorship in Vietnam. Berkman Center. Retrieved from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/newsroom/opennet_vietnam
Capelo, A., C. Santos, and M.A. Pedrosa. 2014. Education for sustainable development in East Timor. Asian Education and Development Studies 3(2): 98–117.
Chun, D. and E. Tsui. 2010. A reflection of the state of mobile learning in Asia and a conceptual framework. Paper presented at the IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning 2010, Porto.
Clothey, R. 2010. Current trends in higher education: Expanding access in Asia Pacific through technology. Comparative and International Higher Education 2: 3–5.
Cochrane, L. 2012, December 10. Using mobile phones to improve maternal health in East Timor. Radio Australia. Retrieved from http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/program/asia-pacific/using-mobile-phones-to-improve-maternal-health-in-east-timor/1058682
Deibert, R., J. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski, and J. Zittrain. 2012. Asia overview. In Access contested: Security, identity, and resistance in Asian cyberspace, ed. R. Deibert, J. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski, and J. Zittrain, 225–240. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Embi, M.A., and N.M. Nordin. 2013. Mobile learning: Malaysian initiatives & research findings. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Academic Advancement, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education.
Embi, M.A., N.M. Nordin, and E. Panah. 2013. Mobile learning research initiatives in Malaysia. In Mobile learning: Malaysian initiatives & research findings, ed. M.A. Embi and N.M. Nordin, 9–18. Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Academic Advancement, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education.
Farley, Helen. 2014. Getting your head around mobile learning: Just what is it and how can I start? Paper presented at the Mobile Learning Symposium: Addressing Real Issues and Concerns in Institutional and Educators’ Perspectives of Mobile Learning in Higher Education, Cyberjaya.
Greene, W. 2013. Mobile Penetration in Southeast Asia: 2013 Data Roundup (M. Telecoms, Trans.). TigerMine Research, Vietnam.
Hussin, S., M.R. Manap, Z. Amir, and P. Krish. 2012. Mobile learning readiness among Malaysian students at higher learning institutes. Asian Social Science 8(12): 276–283. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n12p276.
Hwang, G.-J., and C.-C. Tsai. 2011. Research trends in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2010_1183 65.70. British Journal of Educational Technology 42(4): E65–E70.
Jairak, K., P. Praneetpolgrang, and K. Mekhabunchakij. 2009. An acceptance of mobile learning for higher education students in Thailand. In The Sixth International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, Bangkok.
Jambulingam, M., and S. Sorooshian. 2013. Usage of mobile features among undergraduates and mobile learning. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences 5(4): 130–133.
Jeroschewski, A., A. Levisse, L. Salazar, R. Tesoriero, and S. Ying. 2013. Connecting Southeast Asia through broadband. In Enhancing ASEAN’s connectivity, ed. B. Das, 72–90. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies.
Jiranantanagorn, P., R. Goodwin, and C. Mooney. 2012. Mobile learning in Thai public university: Opportunities and barriers. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE 2012), Melbourne.
Johnson, L., S. Adams Becker, H. Ludgate, M. Cummins, and V. Estrada. 2012. Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012–2017: An NMC Horizon Project Regional Analysis, Austin.
Koh, T.S., and S.C. Lee. 2008. Information communication technology in education: Singapore’s ICT Masterplans 1997–2008. Singapore: World Scientific.
La Rue, F. 2011. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue, 22. Geneva: United Nations General Assembly.
Librero, F., A.J. Ramos, A.I. Ranga, J. Triñona, and D. Lambert. 2007. Uses of the cell phone for education in the Philippines and Mongolia. Distance Education 28(2): 231–244. doi:10.1080/01587910701439266.
Marques, L. A., M. Murata, M. Ito, M. Shiina, T. Matsuo, H. Wada, and R. Nishino. 2013. Philippines and East Timor – History, present reality and its crusade with education. Paper presented at the 2013 JSEE Annual Conference, Niigata.
Mohamad, M., and J. Woollard. 2010. Bringing change in secondary schools: Can mobile learning via mobile phones be implemented in Malaysia? Paper presented at the 4th International Malaysian Educational Technology Convention, Kuala Lumpur. http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162555/1/mohamad%26woollard.pdf
Motlik, S. 2008. Technical evaluation report 63. Mobile learning in developing nations. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 9(2).
Murphy, A., W. Midgley, and H. Farley. 2014. Mobile learning trends among higher education students in Vietnam: A case study. Paper presented at the 13th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, Istanbul.
Natividad, J. N. 2007. Summative evaluation of the ELSA text2teach project: Final report. SEAMEO INNOTECH, Quezon City. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PDACK830.pdf
Nielsen. 2011. The Digital Media Habits and Attitudes of Southeast Asian Consumers, October 2011. Retrieved from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2011/surging-internet-usage-in-southeast-asia-reshaping-the-media-landscape.html
NST-Business Times. 2013. Smartphone penetration seen hitting 60 % in 2 years. Online news retrieved 4 July 2013 from http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/jrmilan/Article/
Oz, H. 2013. Prospective english teachers’ ownership and usage of mobile devices as m-learning tools. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 141: 1031–1041. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.173.
Peck, S.D., J.L. Stehle Werner, and D.M. Raleigh. 2013. Improved class preparation and learning through immediate feedback in group testing for undergraduate nursing students. Nursing Education Perspectives 34(6): 400–404. doi:10.5480/11-507.
Pew Research Global Attitudes Project. 2014. Emerging nations embrace internet, mobile technology: Cell phones nearly ubiquitous in many countries. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
So, H.-J. 2012. Turning on mobile learning in Asia: Illustrative initiatives and policy implications. UNESCO working paper. Paris: UNESCO.
Soekartawi, A.H., and F. Librero. 2002. Greater learning opportunities through distance education: Experiences in Indonesia and the Philippines. Journal of Southeast Asian Education 3(2): 283–320.
Song, H. S., A. Murphy, and H. Farley. 2013. Mobile devices for learning in Malaysia: Then and now. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 30th Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Conference (ASCILITE 2013), Sydney.
Subramanian, R. 2012. The growth of global internet censorship and circumvention: A survey. Communications of the International Information Management Association (CIIMA). Advance online publication. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2032098
Suharti. 2013. Trends in education in Indonesia. In Education in Indonesia, ed. D. Suryadarma and G.W. Jones, 15–52. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Teal, E., M. Wang, V. Callaghan, and J.W.P. Ng. 2014. An exposition of current mobile learning design guidelines and frameworks. International Journal on E-Learning 13(1): 79–99.
Tsai, C.-C., and G.-J. Hwang. 2013. Issues and challenges of educational technology research in Asia. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 22(2): 215–216. doi:10.1007/s40299-012-0038-9.
Tsinakos, A. 2013. State of mobile learning around the world. In Global mobile learning implementation and trends. Beijing: China Central Radio/TV University Press.
Valk, J.H., A.T. Rashid, and L. Elder. 2010. Using mobile phones to improve educational outcomes: An analysis of evidence from Asia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 11(1): 117–140.
Yusri, I.K., and R. Goodwin. 2013. Mobile learning for ICT training: Enhancing ICT skill of teachers in Indonesia. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning 3(4): 293–296. doi:10.7763/IJEEEE.2013.V3.243.
Zambrano, R., K. Seward, and S. Ludwig. 2012. Mobile technologies and empowerment: Enhancing human development through participation and innovation. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/access_to_informationande-governance/mobiletechnologiesprimer.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Farley, H., Song, H. (2015). Mobile Learning in Southeast Asia: Opportunities and Challenges. In: Zhang, Y. (eds) Handbook of Mobile Teaching and Learning. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41981-2_2-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41981-2_2-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-41981-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences